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<p>Nanotechnology provides a promising approach to water recycling and purification, offering a potential solution to prevent future water shortages. However, existing desalination technologies often suffer from limitations such as high energy demand, low selectivity, and inefficiency in recovering dissolved positively charged ions. To overcome these challenges, this study presents the synthesis of surface-engineered, negatively charged cobalt-doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-IONPs) via a simple co-precipitation method aimed at enhancing ion immobilization and magnetic separation efficiency in wastewater treatment. The nanoparticles were characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. Co-IONPs initially had a smaller hydrodynamic diameter of 59.5 nm. After EDTA coating, the size of EDTA-Co-IONPs increased to 254.1 nm with improved magnetic properties and higher saturation magnetization of 79.7 emu/g making them more suitable for magnetic separation. An average crystalline size of Co-IONPs and EDTA-Co-IONPs were found to be 10.75 nm and a strong negative surface charge (−48.4 mV) at pH 10. These nanoparticles efficiently removed hardness-causing cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) upto 90% and heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺) upto 50%, particularly in alkaline conditions. This cost-effective, sustainable approach offers potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment by reducing TDS, TH, and heavy metal ions improving overall water quality. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of cobalt doping with EDTA surface modification, which not only enhances magnetic separation performance but also improves the ion-binding efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles in waste- water. This dual-functional strategy offers a green, scalable, and highly effective platform for next-generation desalination and wastewater remediation technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis, Characterization and pH-Dependent Surface Charge Modulation of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Functionalized Cobalt Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Removal of the Inorganic Impurities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • Shweta Patel,
  • Ajay Kumar Gupta

摘要

Nanotechnology provides a promising approach to water recycling and purification, offering a potential solution to prevent future water shortages. However, existing desalination technologies often suffer from limitations such as high energy demand, low selectivity, and inefficiency in recovering dissolved positively charged ions. To overcome these challenges, this study presents the synthesis of surface-engineered, negatively charged cobalt-doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-IONPs) via a simple co-precipitation method aimed at enhancing ion immobilization and magnetic separation efficiency in wastewater treatment. The nanoparticles were characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. Co-IONPs initially had a smaller hydrodynamic diameter of 59.5 nm. After EDTA coating, the size of EDTA-Co-IONPs increased to 254.1 nm with improved magnetic properties and higher saturation magnetization of 79.7 emu/g making them more suitable for magnetic separation. An average crystalline size of Co-IONPs and EDTA-Co-IONPs were found to be 10.75 nm and a strong negative surface charge (−48.4 mV) at pH 10. These nanoparticles efficiently removed hardness-causing cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) upto 90% and heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺) upto 50%, particularly in alkaline conditions. This cost-effective, sustainable approach offers potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment by reducing TDS, TH, and heavy metal ions improving overall water quality. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of cobalt doping with EDTA surface modification, which not only enhances magnetic separation performance but also improves the ion-binding efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles in waste- water. This dual-functional strategy offers a green, scalable, and highly effective platform for next-generation desalination and wastewater remediation technologies.

Graphical Abstract