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<p>In this study, the adsorption processes of Basic Blue 41 (BB41), Methylene Blue (MB), Trypan Blue (TB), Methyl Red (MR), and Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dyes were investigated in detail using Tinder Fungus (<i>Fomes fomentarius</i>). Optimization studies revealed that the optimal pH level was 10 for cationic dyes and 2 for anionic dyes. FTIR analysis confirmed the active involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine groups in adsorption, while SEM images demonstrated significant changes in surface morphology after adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for BB41 and, MB whereas the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were more suitable for TB, MR, and RR120. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm indicated that the process proceeded through physical adsorption mechanisms. Kinetic analyses showed that the pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption of MB, BB41, RR120, and MR, whereas TB exhibited both physical and chemical adsorption characteristics. The intraparticle diffusion model suggested that adsorption was not controlled by a single rate-limiting mechanism but involved film diffusion and surface adsorption. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption of MB and BB41 was exothermic and spontaneous, whereas the process was endothermic for RR120 and MR. Negative ΔG<sup>o</sup> values for MB and BB41 indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous. For TB, adsorption was found to vary with temperature. The results show that Tinder Fungus is a strong adsorbent, especially for cationic dyes, and offers an environmentally friendly alternative for sustainable dye removal.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigation of the Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes in the Textile Industry Using Tinder Fungus (Fomes fomentarius) as a Natural Adsorbent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Yusuf Alparslan Argun

摘要

In this study, the adsorption processes of Basic Blue 41 (BB41), Methylene Blue (MB), Trypan Blue (TB), Methyl Red (MR), and Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dyes were investigated in detail using Tinder Fungus (Fomes fomentarius). Optimization studies revealed that the optimal pH level was 10 for cationic dyes and 2 for anionic dyes. FTIR analysis confirmed the active involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine groups in adsorption, while SEM images demonstrated significant changes in surface morphology after adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for BB41 and, MB whereas the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were more suitable for TB, MR, and RR120. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm indicated that the process proceeded through physical adsorption mechanisms. Kinetic analyses showed that the pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption of MB, BB41, RR120, and MR, whereas TB exhibited both physical and chemical adsorption characteristics. The intraparticle diffusion model suggested that adsorption was not controlled by a single rate-limiting mechanism but involved film diffusion and surface adsorption. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption of MB and BB41 was exothermic and spontaneous, whereas the process was endothermic for RR120 and MR. Negative ΔGo values for MB and BB41 indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous. For TB, adsorption was found to vary with temperature. The results show that Tinder Fungus is a strong adsorbent, especially for cationic dyes, and offers an environmentally friendly alternative for sustainable dye removal.

Graphical Abstract