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<p>Surface mining severely degrades ecosystem services (ES), threatening both ecological stability and human well-being. Land reclamation is essential for mitigating these impacts. A key challenge for sustainable development in mining regions is achieving coordinated reclamation while simultaneously enhancing ES during restoration. In this study, we address two gaps: (i) multi-decadal quantification of ES decline during active mining and (ii) integration of ES results into spatially explicit reclamation suitability. We selected the Fushun mining region as study area, and utilized the InVEST (3.14.0) soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), carbon sequestration (CS) and food production (FP) model to evaluate four key ESs (30&#xa0;m) within the mining area based on the mining area localization parameters. Subsequently, we employed the entropy weight method to analyze land reclamation suitability. By ESs evaluation results, the optimal reclamation plan for improving ESs in mining areas is proposed. By the ESs assessments, we propose an optimized reclamation strategy to enhance ES recovery in mining areas. Our findings are as follows: (1) Surface mining reduced the ecosystem services value by 29&#xa0;million dollar (1990–2020) including. (2) FP and CS, WC have a trade-off relationship, but synergistic relationship between SC and FP (Spearman correlation coefficient). RAI (rainfall) and TMP (temperature) are the main factors driving WC, while DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) are the main factor driving SR, CS and FP (Geographical Detector). (3) Land suitability was assessed by the entropy method to provide a basis for land reclamation. The suitability of land shows a trend of cropland &gt; forest land &gt; grassland. (4) Based on the questionnaire results (<i>N</i> = 532), we found that the local people were concerned about the reclamation of forest land and the restoration of food production service function. This study presents a new land restoration approach for mining areas, providing insights for global mining sustainable development.</p>

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Ecological Effect Assessment and Reclamation Pattern of Surface Mining: Based on the Perspective of Ecosystem Services

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月27日

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  • Yu Fan,
  • Li Wang,
  • Youtao Song

摘要

Surface mining severely degrades ecosystem services (ES), threatening both ecological stability and human well-being. Land reclamation is essential for mitigating these impacts. A key challenge for sustainable development in mining regions is achieving coordinated reclamation while simultaneously enhancing ES during restoration. In this study, we address two gaps: (i) multi-decadal quantification of ES decline during active mining and (ii) integration of ES results into spatially explicit reclamation suitability. We selected the Fushun mining region as study area, and utilized the InVEST (3.14.0) soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), carbon sequestration (CS) and food production (FP) model to evaluate four key ESs (30 m) within the mining area based on the mining area localization parameters. Subsequently, we employed the entropy weight method to analyze land reclamation suitability. By ESs evaluation results, the optimal reclamation plan for improving ESs in mining areas is proposed. By the ESs assessments, we propose an optimized reclamation strategy to enhance ES recovery in mining areas. Our findings are as follows: (1) Surface mining reduced the ecosystem services value by 29 million dollar (1990–2020) including. (2) FP and CS, WC have a trade-off relationship, but synergistic relationship between SC and FP (Spearman correlation coefficient). RAI (rainfall) and TMP (temperature) are the main factors driving WC, while DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) are the main factor driving SR, CS and FP (Geographical Detector). (3) Land suitability was assessed by the entropy method to provide a basis for land reclamation. The suitability of land shows a trend of cropland > forest land > grassland. (4) Based on the questionnaire results (N = 532), we found that the local people were concerned about the reclamation of forest land and the restoration of food production service function. This study presents a new land restoration approach for mining areas, providing insights for global mining sustainable development.