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<p>Despite their widespread use, information on the composition of parabens in commercial products is scarce and not readily available. Furthermore, information on the distribution of parabens in the environment and their ecological risks is not widely known in Vietnam. In this study, seven typical parabens, including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), isopropylparaben (<i>i</i>PrP), butylparaben (BuP), benzylparaben (BzP), and heptylparaben (HepP) were investigated in several types of pharmaceuticals/personal care products (PCPs) and water samples collected from Hanoi urban areas, Vietnam. Total concentrations of parabens in pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.0173 to 5,790&#xa0;µg/g (mean: 835&#xa0;µg/g, median: 2.67&#xa0;µg/g). Notably, parabens in drug samples with labeled parabens were measured at concentrations ranging from 16.1 to 5790&#xa0;µg/g (mean: 3720&#xa0;µg/g; median: 4750&#xa0;µg/g) and significantly higher than non-labeled-paraben samples (range: 0.0173–3010&#xa0;µg/g; mean: 257&#xa0;µg/g; median: 2.25&#xa0;µg/g). Total concentrations of parabens in personal care products were found to range from non-detection (ND) to 33,700&#xa0;µg/g. Among personal care products, the highest and lowest levels of parabens were measured in non-labeled skin care products (mean: 1,950&#xa0;µg/g; median: 5.15&#xa0;µg/g) and labeled hair care products (mean: 0.149&#xa0;µg/g; median: 0.153&#xa0;µg/g). Measured concentrations of parabens in wastewater samples (mean/median: 493/468 ng/L) were about 7.5 times higher than in lake samples (mean/median: 66.2/59.3 ng/L). Among parabens, MeP was found to have the highest concentrations in both pharmaceuticals and PCPs as well as in water samples. Significant correlations existed between the concentrations of MeP and PrP in pharmaceutical/PCP and water samples.</p>

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Parabens in Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Surface Waters from Vietnam: Concentrations, Source-Sink Profiles, and Health Risk Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Thuy Minh Le,
  • Nguyen Thuy Ta,
  • Quynh Thi Le,
  • Anh Ngoc Nguyen,
  • Phuong Thi Pham,
  • Chi Linh Thi Pham,
  • Mai Thi Dang,
  • Yen Hai Dao,
  • Kim Thi Truong,
  • Anh Hong Duong,
  • Anh Quoc Hoang,
  • Tri Manh Tran,
  • Binh Minh Tu

摘要

Despite their widespread use, information on the composition of parabens in commercial products is scarce and not readily available. Furthermore, information on the distribution of parabens in the environment and their ecological risks is not widely known in Vietnam. In this study, seven typical parabens, including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), isopropylparaben (iPrP), butylparaben (BuP), benzylparaben (BzP), and heptylparaben (HepP) were investigated in several types of pharmaceuticals/personal care products (PCPs) and water samples collected from Hanoi urban areas, Vietnam. Total concentrations of parabens in pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.0173 to 5,790 µg/g (mean: 835 µg/g, median: 2.67 µg/g). Notably, parabens in drug samples with labeled parabens were measured at concentrations ranging from 16.1 to 5790 µg/g (mean: 3720 µg/g; median: 4750 µg/g) and significantly higher than non-labeled-paraben samples (range: 0.0173–3010 µg/g; mean: 257 µg/g; median: 2.25 µg/g). Total concentrations of parabens in personal care products were found to range from non-detection (ND) to 33,700 µg/g. Among personal care products, the highest and lowest levels of parabens were measured in non-labeled skin care products (mean: 1,950 µg/g; median: 5.15 µg/g) and labeled hair care products (mean: 0.149 µg/g; median: 0.153 µg/g). Measured concentrations of parabens in wastewater samples (mean/median: 493/468 ng/L) were about 7.5 times higher than in lake samples (mean/median: 66.2/59.3 ng/L). Among parabens, MeP was found to have the highest concentrations in both pharmaceuticals and PCPs as well as in water samples. Significant correlations existed between the concentrations of MeP and PrP in pharmaceutical/PCP and water samples.