<p>Surface water contamination in Punjab, Pakistan, is a pressing environmental concern, particularly due to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known for their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. This study investigated the occurrence of 13 PFAS compounds in water and soil samples from the Ravi and Sutlej Rivers, assessing their ecological and human health risks. In February 2024, 15 water and soil samples (S1-S15) were collected from the Sutlej River and 25 samples (S16-S40) from the Ravi River, covering all study sites. Average PFAS concentrations in water were 68.93 ng/L (Sutlej) and 46.59 ng/L (Ravi). Similarly, PFAS concentrations in soil were 60.37 ng/g (Sutlej) and 44.47 ng/g (Ravi). The overall difference in PFAS contamination between the two rivers were significant. The risk was analyzed using percentiles (33rd, 66th and 99th ). Water analysis identified high-risk sites in the Ravi River at S33, S34, S36, S37, S39, and S40, while high-risk soil sites were at S32, S35, S36, S38, S39, and S40, indicating significant pollution. In the Sutlej River, water analysis showed one high-risk site (S1) and pervasive medium risk, while the soil had no high-risk sites but exhibited widespread moderate contamination. The findings underscore the need for targeted mitigation strategies, stricter pollution controls, and improved wastewater management.</p>