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<p>The integrated biorefinery model paves the way for minimizing waste accumulation and maximizing the concurrent production of high-value products from potential parent material. In this context, complex kitchen waste, with a heterogeneous nature and rich in carbon and other nutrients, can ameliorate algal growth. Therefore, this study examined the biomass production, biodiesel, and biochar recovery potential of <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. cultivated in BG-11 medium and HKW (Hydrolysate of Kitchen Waste) supplemented medium as 0 (no HKW), 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 (medium: HKW v/v). The optical density and biomass production of <i>Oscillatoria</i> sp. were 1.85 and 1410&#xa0;mg/L, respectively, on the 20th day in a synthetic medium, while the maximal biomass yield of 1842&#xa0;mg/L was observed in a 90:10 HKW condition. Similarly, a higher biomass productivity of 87.1&#xa0;mg/L/d was observed in the 90:10 HKW condition. Regarding lipid accumulation, the total lipid extracted is 11.28 wt.% from the control and 15.71 wt.% % extracted from the 90:10 HKW condition. Further, biodiesel obtained from extracted lipids was 60.49 wt.%, which is higher than the control. A positive trend was seen if the culture exhibited increased lipid content, and a progressive increase in biodiesel yield was noticed with fatty acids, namely myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosadienoic, and arachidonic acid. On the way to a circular economy, defatted biomass was converted into high-value biochar under 450, 475 °C, and 500 °C temperatures (at 40&#xa0;min), and 20, 40, and 60&#xa0;min times (at 450&#xa0;°C temperature). A high biochar yield of 52.05 wt.% was obtained at 450 °C and 40&#xa0;min, and elemental characterization of biochar by CHNSO analysis showed 60.21% carbon.</p>

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Slow Pyrolytic Upcycling of Food Waste-Grown Oscillatoria sp. Biomass into Carbon-Rich Biochar and Biodiesel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Praburaman Loganathan,
  • Eman Alhomaidi,
  • Muhammad Fazle Rabbee,
  • Rajesh Ramasamy,
  • Muthu Thiruvengadam,
  • Benod Kumar Kondapavuluri

摘要

The integrated biorefinery model paves the way for minimizing waste accumulation and maximizing the concurrent production of high-value products from potential parent material. In this context, complex kitchen waste, with a heterogeneous nature and rich in carbon and other nutrients, can ameliorate algal growth. Therefore, this study examined the biomass production, biodiesel, and biochar recovery potential of Oscillatoria sp. cultivated in BG-11 medium and HKW (Hydrolysate of Kitchen Waste) supplemented medium as 0 (no HKW), 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 (medium: HKW v/v). The optical density and biomass production of Oscillatoria sp. were 1.85 and 1410 mg/L, respectively, on the 20th day in a synthetic medium, while the maximal biomass yield of 1842 mg/L was observed in a 90:10 HKW condition. Similarly, a higher biomass productivity of 87.1 mg/L/d was observed in the 90:10 HKW condition. Regarding lipid accumulation, the total lipid extracted is 11.28 wt.% from the control and 15.71 wt.% % extracted from the 90:10 HKW condition. Further, biodiesel obtained from extracted lipids was 60.49 wt.%, which is higher than the control. A positive trend was seen if the culture exhibited increased lipid content, and a progressive increase in biodiesel yield was noticed with fatty acids, namely myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosadienoic, and arachidonic acid. On the way to a circular economy, defatted biomass was converted into high-value biochar under 450, 475 °C, and 500 °C temperatures (at 40 min), and 20, 40, and 60 min times (at 450 °C temperature). A high biochar yield of 52.05 wt.% was obtained at 450 °C and 40 min, and elemental characterization of biochar by CHNSO analysis showed 60.21% carbon.