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<p>As a toxic carcinogenic element, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is widely found in the soil and poses a great threat to human health and the quality of the environment. In this study, <i>Euryale ferox</i> shell biochar (ef/BC) and bismuth sulfide modified <i>Euryale ferox</i> shell biochar (bsef/BC) were prepared and employed to remediate soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium. The microstructure, elemental composition and main functional groups of the biochars were revealed, and a three-dimensional biochar model was constructed, the binding energy of bsef/BC to hexavalent chromium was calculated to be 0.82&#xa0;eV using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Soil incubation experiments conducted over 60&#xa0;days demonstrated that ef/BC and bsef/BC effectively reduced the content of Cr(VI) in the soil, promoting the rapid transformation of chromium speciation into oxidizable and residual states. Meanwhile, soil pH, CEC and SOM were increased. The synchronous introduction of sulfur- and bismuth-containing functional groups significantly enhanced the ability for Cr(VI) removal by bsef/BC. Conspicuously, the most effective treatment was observed with 3% bsef/BC, resulting in an 80.86% decrease in Cr(VI) content. Furthermore, the effect of biochar on plant growth were evaluated via pot experiments by planting mung beans in contaminated soil. 1.5% bsef/BC remarkably increased the chlorophyll content and mung bean biomass. Moreover, 3% bsef/BC led to a 65.49% reduction in accumulated Cr(VI) content in mung bean plants. This study offers an alternative approach for the value-added utilization of <i>Euryale ferox</i> shells, and the prepared biochar holds high promise for the remediation and decontamination of Cr(VI)-polluted soil.</p>

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Efficient Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soil by Bismuth Sulfide Modified Euryale ferox Shell Biochar: Performance, Mechanistic Study, and Binding Energy Perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Xiaobing Liu,
  • Sishang Ge,
  • Luxin Zhang,
  • Qunshuai Li,
  • Zhimeng Zhao,
  • Rui Zhang

摘要

As a toxic carcinogenic element, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is widely found in the soil and poses a great threat to human health and the quality of the environment. In this study, Euryale ferox shell biochar (ef/BC) and bismuth sulfide modified Euryale ferox shell biochar (bsef/BC) were prepared and employed to remediate soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium. The microstructure, elemental composition and main functional groups of the biochars were revealed, and a three-dimensional biochar model was constructed, the binding energy of bsef/BC to hexavalent chromium was calculated to be 0.82 eV using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Soil incubation experiments conducted over 60 days demonstrated that ef/BC and bsef/BC effectively reduced the content of Cr(VI) in the soil, promoting the rapid transformation of chromium speciation into oxidizable and residual states. Meanwhile, soil pH, CEC and SOM were increased. The synchronous introduction of sulfur- and bismuth-containing functional groups significantly enhanced the ability for Cr(VI) removal by bsef/BC. Conspicuously, the most effective treatment was observed with 3% bsef/BC, resulting in an 80.86% decrease in Cr(VI) content. Furthermore, the effect of biochar on plant growth were evaluated via pot experiments by planting mung beans in contaminated soil. 1.5% bsef/BC remarkably increased the chlorophyll content and mung bean biomass. Moreover, 3% bsef/BC led to a 65.49% reduction in accumulated Cr(VI) content in mung bean plants. This study offers an alternative approach for the value-added utilization of Euryale ferox shells, and the prepared biochar holds high promise for the remediation and decontamination of Cr(VI)-polluted soil.