<p>This research was driven by the pressing necessity to evaluate the effects of rapid urbanization on the sustainability of industrial crops in Dak Nong Province, Vietnam—a pivotal agricultural area confronting escalating pressures from changes in land use. This research produced a spatial distribution map illustrating the vulnerability of industrial crops in study area, in response to urbanization effects. Utilizing the Random Forest (RF) model, land use and land cover (LULC) were analyzed from 2015 to 2024 through Sentinel-2 satellite imagery data. The findings revealed that the area dedicated to industrial crops expanded from 119,883.28 hectares in 2015 to 184,563.37 hectares by 2024. However, the growth rate from 2019 to 2024 was lower than that observed between 2015 and 2019, attributed to the significant encroachment of built-up land and annual crops. The Genetic Algorithm-Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (GA-ANFIS) model was employed to evaluate the vulnerability of industrial crops, demonstrating high efficacy with R² values exceeding 0.83 and an RMSE of 2.76. The vulnerability map for industrial crops indicated that Dak Nong Province faces a vulnerability level above average, particularly in regions such as the northern sections of Krong No District, the northern areas of Dak Mil District, and a majority of Cu Jut District, which predominantly fall within a very high sensitivity zone. These regions generally experience low humidity, elevated temperatures, and considerable human influence, generating adverse conditions for the growth of industrial crops. The results of this study not only illuminate the vulnerability of industrial crops but also produce a vulnerability distribution map that aids policymakers in making informed decisions regarding crop management and protection, thereby promoting sustainable economic growth in Dak Nong Province. </p>