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<p>The aim of the current study was to investigate an electrochemical continuous-flow reactor for the removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from an artificial aqueous solution. Ti/Ru and Ti/Pd electrodes were made for this experiment using the thermal breakdown. The operational parameters were optimized by using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique. Four independent parameters were utilized in a continuous flow reactor to remove 4-CP: pH (4–9), current density (20–80&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>–2</sup>), HRT (10–60&#xa0;min), and initial concentration of 4-CP (0.5–2&#xa0;mg&#xa0;L<sup>–1</sup>). Characterization results confirmed that Pd and Ru were successfully deposited onto the titanium mesh surface. The optimal pH, HRT, and current for 2&#xa0;mg&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup> of 4-CP were 6.5, 55&#xa0;min, and 60&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. The efficacy of pollutant removal in this case was 95.22%. The study highlights the critical role of an electrochemical continuous-flow reactor in continuously removing chlorophenols (CPs) from water in treatment plants. In order to achieve mineralization as the intended result, this study highlights the importance of optimizing a number of operating parameters, including current density, pH, and electrolyte concentration. It also emphasizes the use of electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) while tackling issues such as controlling the toxicity of intermediate products and the requirement for affordable electrodes.</p>

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Electrochemical Elimination of Chlorophenol as Contaminants in Water Using Continuous-Flow Reactor Equipped by Ti/Pd and Ti/Ru Electrodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月17日

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  • Mahla Tabeshnia,
  • Majid Baghdadi,
  • Khosrou Abdi,
  • Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi,
  • Behnoush Aminzadeh Goharrizi

摘要

The aim of the current study was to investigate an electrochemical continuous-flow reactor for the removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from an artificial aqueous solution. Ti/Ru and Ti/Pd electrodes were made for this experiment using the thermal breakdown. The operational parameters were optimized by using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique. Four independent parameters were utilized in a continuous flow reactor to remove 4-CP: pH (4–9), current density (20–80 mA cm–2), HRT (10–60 min), and initial concentration of 4-CP (0.5–2 mg L–1). Characterization results confirmed that Pd and Ru were successfully deposited onto the titanium mesh surface. The optimal pH, HRT, and current for 2 mg L−1 of 4-CP were 6.5, 55 min, and 60 mA cm−2, respectively. The efficacy of pollutant removal in this case was 95.22%. The study highlights the critical role of an electrochemical continuous-flow reactor in continuously removing chlorophenols (CPs) from water in treatment plants. In order to achieve mineralization as the intended result, this study highlights the importance of optimizing a number of operating parameters, including current density, pH, and electrolyte concentration. It also emphasizes the use of electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) while tackling issues such as controlling the toxicity of intermediate products and the requirement for affordable electrodes.