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<p>This study focuses on production and engine attributes optimization. The compression engine (CI) is fuelled by wood apple kernel (WAK) bio-diesel/diesel and bio-oil/diesel mixtures. The bio-diesel and bio-oil derived from WAK using transesterification, direct blending, and pyrolysis methods. The acid values are 0.27, 1.1and 0.21&#xa0;mg of KOH/g of oil after the transesterification, direct blending, and bio-oil upgradation process correspondingly. The calorific value (CV) of WAK bio-diesel is 41.97 and 39.98&#xa0;MJ/kg respectively, which is only 6.7% and 11% less than diesel fuel so the WAK bio-fuel can give better engine performance. The Genichi Taguchi technique is employed to find the experimental plan by varying engine parameters such as engine load (LD = 3, 6, 9, and 12&#xa0;kg) and compression ratio (CR = 16, 16.5, 17, and 17.5) and fuel blend. The engine runs were conducted for four test fuel opus such as plain diesel (FD), FB (20% WAK bio-diesel + 80% diesel), FE (80% diesel + 15% WAK crude oil + 5% Diethyl ether) and FO (20% WAK bio-oil + 80% diesel). A 16 array is developed to analyse the impact of engine output responses. The multi-objective optimization, precisely Criteria Importance through Inter Criteria Correlation (CRITIC) coupled Combined Compromise Solution (COCOSO) techniques is working to assess the optimal engine process parameters for sustainable energy scrutiny. In the emission analysis, the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission by bio-diesel and bio-oil opus were higher than neat diesel (FD). Also, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were measured to be lower. The CRITIC-COCOSO approach suggested optimal output responses yield brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.63&#xa0;kg/kW-hr, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 15.01%, CO of 0.89%, HC of 311&#xa0;ppm, carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) of 2.88%, and NOx of 402&#xa0;ppm. Rendering to the experimentation and optimization responses, it is revealed that biodiesel opus (FD) offers enhanced fuel properties with engine behaviour as compared with other test fuel blends for a sustainable environment.</p>

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An Integrated Biorefinery of Wood Apple Kernel for Bio-Oil and Bio-Diesel Production: Optimization of Engine Attributes Using Taguchi, RSM, and CRITIC-COCOSO Hybrid Techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月11日

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  • Malinee Sriariyanun,
  • Elaiyarasan Uthirapathi,
  • Sakthivel Rajamohan,
  • Baranitharan Paramasivam,
  • Atthasit Tawai,
  • Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam

摘要

This study focuses on production and engine attributes optimization. The compression engine (CI) is fuelled by wood apple kernel (WAK) bio-diesel/diesel and bio-oil/diesel mixtures. The bio-diesel and bio-oil derived from WAK using transesterification, direct blending, and pyrolysis methods. The acid values are 0.27, 1.1and 0.21 mg of KOH/g of oil after the transesterification, direct blending, and bio-oil upgradation process correspondingly. The calorific value (CV) of WAK bio-diesel is 41.97 and 39.98 MJ/kg respectively, which is only 6.7% and 11% less than diesel fuel so the WAK bio-fuel can give better engine performance. The Genichi Taguchi technique is employed to find the experimental plan by varying engine parameters such as engine load (LD = 3, 6, 9, and 12 kg) and compression ratio (CR = 16, 16.5, 17, and 17.5) and fuel blend. The engine runs were conducted for four test fuel opus such as plain diesel (FD), FB (20% WAK bio-diesel + 80% diesel), FE (80% diesel + 15% WAK crude oil + 5% Diethyl ether) and FO (20% WAK bio-oil + 80% diesel). A 16 array is developed to analyse the impact of engine output responses. The multi-objective optimization, precisely Criteria Importance through Inter Criteria Correlation (CRITIC) coupled Combined Compromise Solution (COCOSO) techniques is working to assess the optimal engine process parameters for sustainable energy scrutiny. In the emission analysis, the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission by bio-diesel and bio-oil opus were higher than neat diesel (FD). Also, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were measured to be lower. The CRITIC-COCOSO approach suggested optimal output responses yield brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.63 kg/kW-hr, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 15.01%, CO of 0.89%, HC of 311 ppm, carbon dioxide (CO2) of 2.88%, and NOx of 402 ppm. Rendering to the experimentation and optimization responses, it is revealed that biodiesel opus (FD) offers enhanced fuel properties with engine behaviour as compared with other test fuel blends for a sustainable environment.