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<p>This paper explores the dichotomous relationship between provisional warfare as particularism and generalizable peace as universality through the lens of Islamic theologian Bediüzzaman Said Nursi’s perspectives. Nursi, who experienced both World Wars and internal uprisings, developed a&#xa0;nuanced stance that evolved from active participation in World War&#xa0;I to reflexive pacifism during World War&#xa0;II and a&#xa0;preference for civil disobedience in internal conflicts. Nursi’s concept of generalizable peace, or “sulh‑u umumi,” rooted in his later works, contrasts with the particularistic nature of provisional warfare. He posits that peace, as an absolute and perpetual state, must be continually generated and sustained amidst changing social contexts. This study contextualizes Nursi’s views within his biography and Islamic theological-epistemological concepts, focusing on his understandings of justice, jihad, and theodicy. Through a&#xa0;detailed examination of Nursi’s writings and actions, the paper highlights the interplay between absolute justice and relative justice, advocating for a&#xa0;peaceful coexistence grounded in spiritual jihad and the five principles of social order. Nursi’s approach offers a&#xa0;reformed perspective on jihad, emphasizing intellectual and spiritual endeavors over military conflict. This article concludes by asserting that Nursi’s concept of peace as universality, achieved through education, democratization, and legal adherence, provides a&#xa0;compelling framework for contemporary discussions on conflict resolution and international relations.</p>

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Die Dialektik von Krieg und Frieden: Analyse von Nursis Ansatz für Gerechtigkeit und verallgemeinerbaren Frieden

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Fatih Bahadir Kaya

摘要

This paper explores the dichotomous relationship between provisional warfare as particularism and generalizable peace as universality through the lens of Islamic theologian Bediüzzaman Said Nursi’s perspectives. Nursi, who experienced both World Wars and internal uprisings, developed a nuanced stance that evolved from active participation in World War I to reflexive pacifism during World War II and a preference for civil disobedience in internal conflicts. Nursi’s concept of generalizable peace, or “sulh‑u umumi,” rooted in his later works, contrasts with the particularistic nature of provisional warfare. He posits that peace, as an absolute and perpetual state, must be continually generated and sustained amidst changing social contexts. This study contextualizes Nursi’s views within his biography and Islamic theological-epistemological concepts, focusing on his understandings of justice, jihad, and theodicy. Through a detailed examination of Nursi’s writings and actions, the paper highlights the interplay between absolute justice and relative justice, advocating for a peaceful coexistence grounded in spiritual jihad and the five principles of social order. Nursi’s approach offers a reformed perspective on jihad, emphasizing intellectual and spiritual endeavors over military conflict. This article concludes by asserting that Nursi’s concept of peace as universality, achieved through education, democratization, and legal adherence, provides a compelling framework for contemporary discussions on conflict resolution and international relations.