Die Verbreitung antisemitischer Einstellungen in Deutschland: Befunde aktueller repräsentativer Befragungen zu Trends seit 2021 und den Einflüssen von Migrationshintergrund, Religionszugehörigkeit und Religiosität

Since October 7, 2023, and the subsequent Gaza War, anti-Semitism in Germany has once again received considerable attention. Anti-Semitism among Muslims living in Germany is a particularly sensitive issue. Based on data from three representative, nationwide surveys, this article examines trends in the prevalence of antisemitic attitudes since 2021. Analyses are carried out both in relation to the adult population as a whole and separately contrasting different social subgroups. The results show slight, non-significant increases in anti-Semitic attitudes between 2021 and 2023 for the German population. However, clear differences between subgroups should be noted: Muslims not only show significantly higher rates of anti-Semitic attitudes but also marked increases between 2021 and 2023 that are not found in other subgroups. Even after multivariate controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and other social and economic predictors, significantly higher levels of anti-Semitic attitudes remain. Furthermore, tendencies to accept conspiracy narratives prove to be a stable predictor for all groups. For both Christians and Muslims, there are no effects of the intensity of personal faith and the centrality of religion in everyday life on anti-Semitism. However, fundamentalist attitudes increase anti-Semitic resentment in both groups alike. Only among Muslims, collective religious practice, measured by the frequency of attending mosques, is also associated with an increase in anti-Semitic prejudice, even after multivariate controlling for the intensity and rigidity of faith and social predictors. The political implications of these results for the prevention of anti-Semitism in the modern German migration society are discussed.