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<p>Detecting trace pesticide residues in food products is crucial for ensuring food safety. Terahertz technology has demonstrated significant advantages in chemical and biological sensing by utilizing the vibrational signatures inherent to molecules in the terahertz spectrum and leveraging the amplified electric fields facilitated by metamaterials. In this work, we introduce a novel method for imidacloprid (IMI) pesticide residue detection using the rod-shaped terahertz metamaterial (RSTM) with a composite interface of gold and conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI). The core mechanism of this method relies on the binding of IMI to PANI, which alters the resonance intensity and frequency of the Au-PANI-RSTM. Specifically, the RSTM parameters are determined using computer simulation technology (CST), and the RSTM structure is engraved on the Au-PANI surface using laser direct writing technology. Further characterization using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques reveals that the stable bonding between PANI and IMI is facilitated by hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. The detection limit of Au-PANI-RSTM deposited with 20 segments for IMI is 0.46&#xa0;ppm, which complies with the maximum residue limit for IMI stipulated in the Chinese National Standard.</p>

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Exploring the Viability of Terahertz Metamaterials Integrated with Polyaniline for Detecting Imidacloprid Residue

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Qi Wang,
  • Xiaoyong Hu,
  • Wendao Xu,
  • Yungui Ma,
  • Yibin Ying,
  • Lijuan Xie

摘要

Detecting trace pesticide residues in food products is crucial for ensuring food safety. Terahertz technology has demonstrated significant advantages in chemical and biological sensing by utilizing the vibrational signatures inherent to molecules in the terahertz spectrum and leveraging the amplified electric fields facilitated by metamaterials. In this work, we introduce a novel method for imidacloprid (IMI) pesticide residue detection using the rod-shaped terahertz metamaterial (RSTM) with a composite interface of gold and conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI). The core mechanism of this method relies on the binding of IMI to PANI, which alters the resonance intensity and frequency of the Au-PANI-RSTM. Specifically, the RSTM parameters are determined using computer simulation technology (CST), and the RSTM structure is engraved on the Au-PANI surface using laser direct writing technology. Further characterization using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques reveals that the stable bonding between PANI and IMI is facilitated by hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. The detection limit of Au-PANI-RSTM deposited with 20 segments for IMI is 0.46 ppm, which complies with the maximum residue limit for IMI stipulated in the Chinese National Standard.