<p>Food and beverage small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are critical for local food supply, employment, and regional economic development. Yet, their operations often uneven adoption of digital technologies. Existing sustainability maturity assessment models primarily target large-scale industries or conventional triple-bottom-line evaluation, offering limited guidance for SMEs. This study proposes a Fuzzy CRITIC-based data-driven framework to assess sustainability maturity and prioritize improvements, integrating 44 indicators for industry 4.0-enabled sustainability maturity assessment. Empirical data from 150 SMEs were transformed into a numerical decision matrix. The Fuzzy CRITIC method used to calculate overall and pillar-level maturity scores, classify SMEs into maturity levels, and generate an improvement priority index. Results show the industry 4.0 pillar carried the highest weight, followed by environmental, economic, and social pillars, highlighting digital capability as a key differentiator. Classification results revealed 91 SMEs at Managed, 46 at Developing, 13 at Advanced, and none at Initial. High-priority improvement areas include work accident reduction, productivity loss mitigation, IoT adoption, energy recovery, AI adoption, waste-to-value practices, and cloud-based data management. These findings reveal asymmetric development across pillars, where environmental and digital practices are more advanced, while economic and social dimensions lag. By linking objective weighting, maturity mapping, and improvement prioritization, the framework provides a practical decision-support tool for SMEs to enhance sustainability and digital integration. This study contributes to sustainability assessment literature by extending fuzzy multi-criteria methods to a data-driven SME context and by positioning Industry 4.0 as an enabler of resource efficiency, waste reduction, circular economy practices, and sustainability-oriented process optimization.</p>