<p>Existing research has largely focused on the integration of dual supply chains in the manufacturing or high-tech sectors, with insufficient attention paid to the resource-based forestry industry. In particular, there is a lack of empirical analysis on how the integration of dual supply chains systematically influences the optimization of industrial chains. This study defines the concept of dual-chain (industrial chain and innovation chain) integration, analyzes its impact mechanism on optimizing the forestry industry chain, and employs a super-efficiency model to calculate the optimization efficiency value of China’s forestry industry from 2001 to 2021. The findings indicate that the dual-chain integration in forestry positively impacts the optimization of industrial chain node enterprises, overall structural optimization, and functional effect optimization. Projection analysis further reveals that the failure of forestry dual-chain integration to effectively optimize the industrial chain stems from: insufficient coordination among various input factors, the urgent need to enhance the overall quality of forestry professionals; forestry industry investments failing to timely align with industrial restructuring and economic structural changes; weak technological innovation conversion capabilities, and inadequate utilization of various input factors. To this end, advanced technologies and management practices can be introduced into the forestry industry chain to establish an intelligent platform for resource allocation and collaborative innovation, thereby enhancing the efficiency of factor allocation and the capacity for technology transfer.</p>