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<p>This study presents a cradle-to-factory-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) produced from petroleum-based, coconut oil (CO)-based, and biohybrid polyols. The CO-based polyol, synthesized via sequential glycerolysis and catalytic amidation, enables full substitution of petroleum-derived polyols. Using openLCA and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method, 18 impact categories were evaluated along with process hotspots. The analysis reveals that CO-based polyol RPUF outperforms petroleum-based RPUF and biohybrid RPUFs (derived from a mixture of CO-based and petroleum-based polyols) in 5 out of 18 impact categories. These include global warming, fossil-fuel resource scarcity, human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and the formation of fine particulate matter. Increases in land use, ecotoxicity, and nutrient-related impacts reflect the burdens associated with coconut cultivation and upstream energy demand. Across all formulations, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate is the dominant hotspot. End-of-life scenario analysis reveals similar landfill and incineration behavior for all RPUFs, whereas CO-based foams offer advantages in chemical recycling due to the cleaner recovery of polyols. Overall, CO-based polyols are a viable, lower-impact alternative to petroleum-based polyols; however, to achieve further sustainability gains, optimized agricultural inputs, reduced energy use, and lower-impact isocyanate technologies are required.</p>

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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Coconut Oil-based, Petroleum-based, and Biohybrid Rigid Polyurethane Foams

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Kent Naiah D. Araña,
  • Andres Philip Mayol,
  • Roger G. Dingcong Jr.,
  • Roberto M. Malaluan,
  • Arnold A. Lubguban,
  • Jayne Lois San Juan,
  • Alvin B. Culaba,
  • Ayla Camille S. Quiaem,
  • Angela Dominique O. Catedral,
  • Hernando P. Bacosa

摘要

This study presents a cradle-to-factory-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) produced from petroleum-based, coconut oil (CO)-based, and biohybrid polyols. The CO-based polyol, synthesized via sequential glycerolysis and catalytic amidation, enables full substitution of petroleum-derived polyols. Using openLCA and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method, 18 impact categories were evaluated along with process hotspots. The analysis reveals that CO-based polyol RPUF outperforms petroleum-based RPUF and biohybrid RPUFs (derived from a mixture of CO-based and petroleum-based polyols) in 5 out of 18 impact categories. These include global warming, fossil-fuel resource scarcity, human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and the formation of fine particulate matter. Increases in land use, ecotoxicity, and nutrient-related impacts reflect the burdens associated with coconut cultivation and upstream energy demand. Across all formulations, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate is the dominant hotspot. End-of-life scenario analysis reveals similar landfill and incineration behavior for all RPUFs, whereas CO-based foams offer advantages in chemical recycling due to the cleaner recovery of polyols. Overall, CO-based polyols are a viable, lower-impact alternative to petroleum-based polyols; however, to achieve further sustainability gains, optimized agricultural inputs, reduced energy use, and lower-impact isocyanate technologies are required.