<p>This study investigates the development of a sustainable supply chain network (SSCN) by incorporating reverse logistics for liquor glass bottles within a Stackelberg equilibrium framework. The proposed model features multiple deliveries and a centralized distribution system, structured around a leader–follower dynamic in which the vendor determines the shipment policy, and the buyer selects the optimal replenishment cycle time. A mathematical framework supported by analytical lemmas is introduced to evaluate the strategic interactions and overall network performance. The model prioritizes environmental sustainability by integrating product returns, remanufacturing activities, and waste minimization. Special attention is given to the collection and reuse of glass bottles, which plays a critical role in reducing raw material consumption, lowering carbon emissions, and minimizing landfill waste. By promoting circular strategies in the supply chain, this study offers valuable insights for advancing green logistics and supporting long-term ecological balance. The findings contribute to more effective and sustainable decision-making in supply chain design. This study inspires both researchers and industry experts by showing how profit and sustainability can work together. Using Stackelberg game theory, the model helps companies make better decisions on production, delivery and recycling of bottles. The findings show that smart planning can reduce waste, lower carbon emissions, and still increase overall profit supporting a greener and more efficient supply chain.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>