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<p>This study proposes a sustainable production-inventory model that incorporates uncertainty, carbon emission costs, and rework processes to maximize the overall profit. The model considers both perfect and imperfect items, with demand driven by product reliability and price. It also incorporates challenges such as labour variability, machine faults, and emission regulations. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of fuzzy environmental cost modelling, a reliability- and price-sensitive demand function, and the use of Social Group Optimization (SGO), a combination not explored in previous EPQ-rework models. The model is optimized under fuzzy conditions using SGO to effectively handle the nonlinear structure. Sensitivity analysis confirms that product reliability and profit improve significantly when carbon emissions and uncertainty are incorporated. These findings provide valuable insights for designing sustainable, profit-oriented manufacturing systems under environmental and operational constraints.</p>

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Optimizing Sustainable Production Systems: An EPQ Model Integrating Rework, Carbon Emissions with Fuzzy, and SGO

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Nistha Kumari,
  • Anubhav Pratap Singh,
  • Anand Chauhan,
  • Yogendra Kumar Rajoria,
  • Vineet Kumar Sharma

摘要

This study proposes a sustainable production-inventory model that incorporates uncertainty, carbon emission costs, and rework processes to maximize the overall profit. The model considers both perfect and imperfect items, with demand driven by product reliability and price. It also incorporates challenges such as labour variability, machine faults, and emission regulations. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of fuzzy environmental cost modelling, a reliability- and price-sensitive demand function, and the use of Social Group Optimization (SGO), a combination not explored in previous EPQ-rework models. The model is optimized under fuzzy conditions using SGO to effectively handle the nonlinear structure. Sensitivity analysis confirms that product reliability and profit improve significantly when carbon emissions and uncertainty are incorporated. These findings provide valuable insights for designing sustainable, profit-oriented manufacturing systems under environmental and operational constraints.