Pricing and Collection Decisions of a Closed Loop Supply Chain Under Dual Modes Using Fuzzy Game Theoretic Approach
摘要
Environmental pollution has emerged as a major problem in the modern era. And the ways people live are increasingly altering. In today’s fast-paced world, they want to get the things they need quickly. Companies are now driving towards closed-loop supply chains, including online channels, to reduce pollution (e.g., recycling, remanufacturing) and meet consumer satisfaction (e.g., flexible service, cheap prices). When multiple members are present in the system and engage in the same work, a conflict arises. In these circumstances, as well as unpredictable environments, channel members need to establish a sound strategy within a complex closed-loop supply chain system so that harmony is maintained between customers and channel members. This paper discusses the optimal pricing and collecting decisions of a closed-loop supply chain model constituted by a manufacturer, a retailer, and a third-party collector with forward dual and reverse dual channels in fuzzy uncertainty. This study’s central aspect is to demonstrate how the channel members determine their optimal strategies and achieve their expected profits in the system when market demand, manufacturing cost, transfer cost, and remanufacturing cost are treated as triangular fuzzy variables. The model is solved in two power strategies: centralized and manufacturer power strategies, by constructing the expected value model using the game theory method. Finally, numerical illustrations highlight the effects of the fuzzy degree parameters on the decision variables and the expected profits of the participants. Exploring the optimal decisions analytically and numerically, the findings of this work are introducing online channels as forward and reverse media in a closed loop supply chain is favorable for customers’ and players’ perspectives and use of the centralized power strategy more reliable under the fuzzy environment.