Techno-Economic Assessment of Small Industrial Facilities Powered by Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems in Algeria

The integration of renewable energies into industrial infrastructures offers a cost-effective way for companies to reduce their environmental footprint. This study explores the techno-economic feasibility of grid-connected photovoltaic systems under various industrial load scenarios in Algeria, using the water cycle algorithm to minimize system costs. The performance of the photovoltaic system was evaluated based on energy, environmental, and economic criteria across three scenarios. Scenario 1 maximizes PV energy generation within the constraints of available surface area. Scenario 2 proposes a system design achieving net-zero monthly electricity consumption, and scenario 3 optimizes the levelized cost of energy across various industrial load profiles. Under specific climatic conditions, scenario 1 shows a positive environmental impact by reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 17% and generating an annual income of $23,002 from electricity sales. The optimized system in scenario 2 ensures the elimination of electricity bills over the system’s lifetime. In scenario 3, the system reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 11.47% and generates an annual income of $4643.