Technical and Economic Energy Optimization of the Energy Hub System with Considering Peak Demand Pricing in the Local Energy Markets

The optimal energy consumption is one of sustainable development issues in many countries to the appraisal of the economic and technical indices in the energy sector. The consumption of multi-carrier energy hub systems like electricity, natural gas, and heat has been expanding in recent years. Due to technical signs of progress in heat and electrical energy networks, multi-carrier energies are employed in parallel modes to meet the energy required on the demand side. In this article, the operation of the multi-carrier energy system is studied based on local energy price and penetration of the renewable energies. The optimization of the energy system is performed with attention to maximization of the reliability and minimization of the costs subject to peak demand pricing. The modeling optimization is implemented in GAMS software with numerical simulation and several case studies. The proposed optimization algorithm is implemented to peak demand reshape at a high energy price. The obtained results in case studies show the cost-effectiveness of the multi-carrier energy system with acceptable reliability in peak demand. With implementing the peak demand pricing, costs, reliability index, and penetration of the renewable energies are improved by 16.38%, 100%, and 1.2%, than non-implementing the peak demand pricing.