Coordination of Demand Side Management and Aqua Electrolyzer Based on Unabsorbed Electricity for Improvement of Energy Efficiency in Energy Optimization Programming Under Renewable Uncertainties

Surplus renewable generation is usually considerable part of total energy and has a determinative role on energy efficiency and overall cost. This excess electricity is uncertain variable and cannot be used to charge the battery or supply the load in the microgrid (MG) islanded mode. To reduce waste of renewable energy and improve energy efficiency, this paper presents the new demand response mechanism and robust optimization approach under renewable uncertainty for an islanded MG. The presented methodology performs a centralized power management, demand shifting, and load shedding to manage battery energy and absorb surplus renewable generation under different uncertainties and scenarios. The presented centralized robust energy management strategy with presented demand response (DR) mechanism helps to significantly reduce waste of renewable energy and increase total energy efficiency. It is shown that by using presented method, the energy efficiency increases up to 14.6% for the high renewable generation scenario and enhances 6.5% for low generation scenario than simple DR without using excess electricity. As well, the operation cost reduces up to 35.7 ($) for the high renewable generation scenario and 19.6 ($) for low generation scenario per day than simple DR without using surplus renewable generation. Finally, the performance of the proposed robust optimization approach is compared with the Homer optimization software.