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<p>The increasing threats to semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) from hardware Trojans create growing risks of data breaches, system malfunctions or even device destruction. Traditional detection methods use Golden IC comparisons together with destructive reverse engineering techniques. The research introduces a hybrid framework which unites on-chip localization with unsupervised machine learning clustering eliminating need of golden data for Trojan detection. The on-chip localization technique reduces the reverse-engineering scope from full-chip inspection to a smaller RO-neighborhood region associated with the highest Trojan-impact score. The validation process on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) demonstrates that the detection system achieves 95% accuracy for small, short-triggered Trojans across various Trojan sizes and designs. Unlike existing golden-free, the main contribution of this work consists of uniting localization with clustering to enhance IC security approaches.</p>

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AI-Assisted Side-Channel Analysis for Golden-Chip Free Detection and Localization of Hardware Trojans

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Ashutosh Ghimire,
  • Tanvir Hossain,
  • Fathi Amsaad,
  • Tamzidul Hoque

摘要

The increasing threats to semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) from hardware Trojans create growing risks of data breaches, system malfunctions or even device destruction. Traditional detection methods use Golden IC comparisons together with destructive reverse engineering techniques. The research introduces a hybrid framework which unites on-chip localization with unsupervised machine learning clustering eliminating need of golden data for Trojan detection. The on-chip localization technique reduces the reverse-engineering scope from full-chip inspection to a smaller RO-neighborhood region associated with the highest Trojan-impact score. The validation process on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) demonstrates that the detection system achieves 95% accuracy for small, short-triggered Trojans across various Trojan sizes and designs. Unlike existing golden-free, the main contribution of this work consists of uniting localization with clustering to enhance IC security approaches.