Purpose <p>Typhoons, also known as tropical cyclones, rely heavily on the dynamic evolution of internal refined structures (e.g., eyewall pressure gradients and core density distributions) for accurate intensity forecasting. However, inherent limitations in the penetration depth and spatial resolution of conventional atmospheric density imaging techniques preclude the direct observation of internal refined structures of typhoons. Therefore, this paper proposed a large-area muography for atmospheric density imaging techniques based on low-cost, high-performance thin gap chamber (TGC).</p> Methods <p>Considering the correlation between the flux of cosmic-ray muons and atmospheric density, this study developed a system to achieve atmospheric muography, providing critical data support for the retrieval of real time pressure field distribution in the typhoon core region. The system employs a 384-channel TGC detector array, comprising two identical double-layer TGC units. Each unit includes an orthogonal readout structure composed of 96 anode wires and 96 cathode strips. The data acquisition system adopts a distributed architecture, where two FEBs and one DAQ board are combined to implement muon event selection for multilayer detectors. The final three-dimensional muon track reconstruction was completed offline.</p> Results <p>This prototype system has been deployed on the “Tongji · Marine No.1” Observation Tower in the East China Sea, enabling continuous real-time data acquisition. The preliminary test results of the muon angle distribution and the variation of the system counting rate are presented in this paper.</p> Conclusion <p>The developed atmospheric muography system represents a novel technological approach for probing the internal structure of typhoons, offering the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and to support improved intensity forecasting.</p>