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<p>Accurate measurement of the composition and energy spectrum of cosmic ray nuclei is essential for understanding their origin, acceleration mechanisms, and propagation processes. The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is a forthcoming experiment scheduled for installation on China’s Space Station (CSS) in 2027. One core task for HERD is to detect cosmic ray nuclei. Upon entering the detector, some nuclei undergo fragmentation, and the resulting fragmentation vertices can be used to verify the detector’s material distribution. These vertices also facilitate estimation of fragmentation probability and cross-section, thereby improving simulation accuracy and reducing systematic errors in cosmic ray nucleus measurements. A cellular automaton-based fragmentation vertex reconstruction algorithm has been developed to accurately determine these vertices. This algorithm was evaluated using a carbon-12 simulation with incidence along the negative Z-axis. The reconstruction efficiency exceeds 95% from 30 GeV to 1 TeV for both Z-X and Z-Y planes. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) on the X-axis or Y-axis is approximately 0.1 mm, and about 1.2 mm on the Z-axis.</p>

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Nuclear fragmentation vertex reconstruction for the HERD experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Liankun Zou,
  • Zhicheng Tang,
  • Ming Xu,
  • Qiyun Li,
  • Zhaoyi Qu,
  • Quanyin Li,
  • Zuhao Li

摘要

Accurate measurement of the composition and energy spectrum of cosmic ray nuclei is essential for understanding their origin, acceleration mechanisms, and propagation processes. The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is a forthcoming experiment scheduled for installation on China’s Space Station (CSS) in 2027. One core task for HERD is to detect cosmic ray nuclei. Upon entering the detector, some nuclei undergo fragmentation, and the resulting fragmentation vertices can be used to verify the detector’s material distribution. These vertices also facilitate estimation of fragmentation probability and cross-section, thereby improving simulation accuracy and reducing systematic errors in cosmic ray nucleus measurements. A cellular automaton-based fragmentation vertex reconstruction algorithm has been developed to accurately determine these vertices. This algorithm was evaluated using a carbon-12 simulation with incidence along the negative Z-axis. The reconstruction efficiency exceeds 95% from 30 GeV to 1 TeV for both Z-X and Z-Y planes. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) on the X-axis or Y-axis is approximately 0.1 mm, and about 1.2 mm on the Z-axis.