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Purpose <p>The transverse beam emittance at the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a critical parameter for investigating space charge effects and optimizing beam quality under high-power operation. However, no reliable diagnostic tools are currently available for direct or indirect measurements of the transverse beam emittance at the CSNS RCS. This article aims to propose a new method to address this limitation.</p> Methods <p>An alternative indirect measurement scheme was adopted, which involved extracting beam earlier from the RCS and then using five wire scanners to measure the transverse beam profiles. This scheme, based on mature wire scanner technology, thereby ensures the reliability of the measurement data.</p> Results <p>The transverse emittance was successfully measured under both 5&#xa0;ms and 20&#xa0;ms extraction scenarios. At 170 kW beam power, the horizontal and vertical rms emittances were determined as 46.44 mm mrad and 39.38 mm mrad, respectively. Both horizontal and vertical emittances showed linear increases with beam power above 100 kW. An emittance exchange between horizontal and vertical planes during acceleration was observed, consistent with space charge-driven resonance.</p> Conclusions <p>The method developed here, based on early beam extraction combined with wire scanner, provides an effective approach for transverse emittance evaluation at CSNS RCS. It offers valuable insights into high-intensity beam dynamics and supports operational optimization.</p>

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Transverse emittance measurement in CSNS RCS based on early extraction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Yong Li,
  • Zhiping Li,
  • Mingyang Huang,
  • Zhihong Xu,
  • Yaoshuo Yuan

摘要

Purpose

The transverse beam emittance at the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a critical parameter for investigating space charge effects and optimizing beam quality under high-power operation. However, no reliable diagnostic tools are currently available for direct or indirect measurements of the transverse beam emittance at the CSNS RCS. This article aims to propose a new method to address this limitation.

Methods

An alternative indirect measurement scheme was adopted, which involved extracting beam earlier from the RCS and then using five wire scanners to measure the transverse beam profiles. This scheme, based on mature wire scanner technology, thereby ensures the reliability of the measurement data.

Results

The transverse emittance was successfully measured under both 5 ms and 20 ms extraction scenarios. At 170 kW beam power, the horizontal and vertical rms emittances were determined as 46.44 mm mrad and 39.38 mm mrad, respectively. Both horizontal and vertical emittances showed linear increases with beam power above 100 kW. An emittance exchange between horizontal and vertical planes during acceleration was observed, consistent with space charge-driven resonance.

Conclusions

The method developed here, based on early beam extraction combined with wire scanner, provides an effective approach for transverse emittance evaluation at CSNS RCS. It offers valuable insights into high-intensity beam dynamics and supports operational optimization.