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<p>The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) aims to determine the neutrino mass ordering. As a satellite experiment of JUNO, the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is designed to precisely measure the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum at a near site, providing essential reference data for JUNO. TAO represents a novel cryogenic liquid scintillator experiment, utilizing Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) for photon detection and operating at -50<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C to suppress SiPM dark noise. A full-size prototype of the central detector of TAO (approximately 2% SiPMs installed) was assembled before its final deployment to the power plant. This paper presents the test results of the prototype using a Co-60 source at -50<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C, and using the surface flux of ground cosmic muons in the warm-up phase of the detector. The detector simulation software of TAO was adapted to the configuration of the prototype and the Monte Carlo prediction shows good agreement with the Co-60 data. A mild variation of the detector response was observed after correcting the temperature effect of the SiPM performance with the cosmic muon data.</p>

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Test results of the TAO prototype detector with Co-60 and cosmic muon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Zelin Chen,
  • Jiayang Xu,
  • Yichen Li,
  • Ming Qi,
  • Nikolay Anfimov,
  • Guofu Cao,
  • Jun Cao,
  • Yu Chen,
  • Alexander Chepurnov,
  • Yayun Ding,
  • Andrea Fabbri,
  • Elia Stanescu Farilla,
  • Maxim Gromov,
  • Wei He,
  • Shaojing Hou,
  • Jianrun Hu,
  • Jinhao Huang,
  • Shengheng Huang,
  • Xiaolu Ji,
  • Hongjian Li,
  • Min Li,
  • Ruhui Li,
  • Ziming Li,
  • Shenghui Liu,
  • Zhipeng Liu,
  • Zihao Liu,
  • Zhuo Liu,
  • Guang Luo,
  • Stefano M. Mari,
  • Xiaoyan Ma,
  • Yatian Pei,
  • Fabrizio Petrucci,
  • Xiaohui Qian,
  • Peter Rudakov,
  • Arsenij Rybnikov,
  • Randhir Singh,
  • Hans Th. J. Steiger,
  • Derun Wang,
  • Hanwen Wang,
  • Ruiguang Wang,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Zhimin Wang,
  • Liangjian Wen,
  • Yuguan Xie,
  • Fengfan Yang,
  • Qixiang Yin,
  • Chengzhuo Yuan,
  • Liang Zhan,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Shuihan Zhang

摘要

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) aims to determine the neutrino mass ordering. As a satellite experiment of JUNO, the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is designed to precisely measure the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum at a near site, providing essential reference data for JUNO. TAO represents a novel cryogenic liquid scintillator experiment, utilizing Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) for photon detection and operating at -50 \(^{\circ }\) ∘ C to suppress SiPM dark noise. A full-size prototype of the central detector of TAO (approximately 2% SiPMs installed) was assembled before its final deployment to the power plant. This paper presents the test results of the prototype using a Co-60 source at -50 \(^{\circ }\) ∘ C, and using the surface flux of ground cosmic muons in the warm-up phase of the detector. The detector simulation software of TAO was adapted to the configuration of the prototype and the Monte Carlo prediction shows good agreement with the Co-60 data. A mild variation of the detector response was observed after correcting the temperature effect of the SiPM performance with the cosmic muon data.