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Purpose: <p>This paper presents a method to correct longitudinal energy leakage of electromagnetic showers in isotropic calorimeters, aiming to improve the energy linearity and resolution.</p> Methods: <p>For events with arbitrary incident angles, the virtual layer algorithm divides the calorimeter into multiple virtual layers perpendicular to the shower axis, with energy distribution calculated by volume proportions and longitudinal energy profile of the crystals in virtual layers. The last-layer method then corrects longitudinal leakage to reconstruct electron energy.</p> Results: <p>By analyzing simulation data (without digitization) using this method, energy resolution achieves 0.230 ± 0.002% at 200 GeV, which is improved 36.1% and 17.9% compared with no-corrected and neural network results. For events with all incident angles at 1 TeV, the results with this method maintain energy linearity within 0.1% and resolution quantified at 0.14±0.01%.</p> Conclusion: <p>This result demonstrates superior energy resolution and stability at varying angles, proving its effectiveness in three-dimensional isotropic calorimeters.</p>

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Energy Reconstruction Using Last-Layer Method in the 3D Isotropic Calorimeter

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Hao Chen,
  • Cheng Zhang,
  • Fengze Zhang,
  • Peidong Chen,
  • Yaozu Xiong,
  • Shanglin Li,
  • Hengyi Cai,
  • Zhicheng Tang,
  • Senquan Lu,
  • Zetong Sun,
  • Haotian Yang,
  • Yuhang You,
  • Zixuan Yan,
  • Ye Tian,
  • Hongqing Wu,
  • Zuhao Li

摘要

Purpose:

This paper presents a method to correct longitudinal energy leakage of electromagnetic showers in isotropic calorimeters, aiming to improve the energy linearity and resolution.

Methods:

For events with arbitrary incident angles, the virtual layer algorithm divides the calorimeter into multiple virtual layers perpendicular to the shower axis, with energy distribution calculated by volume proportions and longitudinal energy profile of the crystals in virtual layers. The last-layer method then corrects longitudinal leakage to reconstruct electron energy.

Results:

By analyzing simulation data (without digitization) using this method, energy resolution achieves 0.230 ± 0.002% at 200 GeV, which is improved 36.1% and 17.9% compared with no-corrected and neural network results. For events with all incident angles at 1 TeV, the results with this method maintain energy linearity within 0.1% and resolution quantified at 0.14±0.01%.

Conclusion:

This result demonstrates superior energy resolution and stability at varying angles, proving its effectiveness in three-dimensional isotropic calorimeters.