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<p>The psychology of religion remains largely underexplored in Uruguay, with minimal research addressing the psychological dimensions of religious and spiritual identity. This article presents findings from two observational studies aimed at comparing psychological and social differences among three groups within the general Uruguayan population: adherents of Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam), practitioners of other spiritualities, and individuals identifying as neither religious nor spiritual. Data was collected using socio-demographic surveys and validated personality scales (ZKAPQ/SF and HEXACO-PI), with non-probabilistic convenience samples of 816 and 688 participants, respectively—approximately 80% of whom were university students. Results revealed that over two-thirds of participants in both studies identified as neither religious nor spiritual, while those affiliated with traditional religions formed an older demographic. Significant personality differences were found across groups. In the ZKAPQ/SF study, the Abrahamic group scored lower on Impulsivity-Sensation Seeking, suggesting a more restrained and conscientious profile. Similarly, the HEXACO-PI study showed higher Conscientiousness in the Abrahamic group. Both Abrahamic and spiritual participants scored higher in Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility compared to the non-religious group, supporting the hypothesis that religious and spiritual identities are linked to more prosocial personality traits. Additionally, individuals in the spiritual group scored higher in Openness to Experience and Extraversion, indicating a profile oriented toward novelty-seeking and engagement with new ideas. These findings point to distinctive personality configurations associated with different religious/spiritual identities: a more conservative and diligent profile among traditional religious adherents, and a more open and exploratory orientation among spiritual seekers. However, limitations such as the use of convenience sampling, overrepresentation of women and university students, and group differences in sociodemographic variables caution against overgeneralization. Future research should employ more representative sampling methods and control for demographic variables to better understand the psychological dimensions of religiosity and spirituality in Uruguay.</p>

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Sociodemographic and Personality Profiles of Religious Practitioners in Uruguay. Two Studies Using the ZKAPQ/SF and HEXACO-PI

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Ismael Eduardo Apud Peláez,
  • Victor E. C. Ortuño

摘要

The psychology of religion remains largely underexplored in Uruguay, with minimal research addressing the psychological dimensions of religious and spiritual identity. This article presents findings from two observational studies aimed at comparing psychological and social differences among three groups within the general Uruguayan population: adherents of Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam), practitioners of other spiritualities, and individuals identifying as neither religious nor spiritual. Data was collected using socio-demographic surveys and validated personality scales (ZKAPQ/SF and HEXACO-PI), with non-probabilistic convenience samples of 816 and 688 participants, respectively—approximately 80% of whom were university students. Results revealed that over two-thirds of participants in both studies identified as neither religious nor spiritual, while those affiliated with traditional religions formed an older demographic. Significant personality differences were found across groups. In the ZKAPQ/SF study, the Abrahamic group scored lower on Impulsivity-Sensation Seeking, suggesting a more restrained and conscientious profile. Similarly, the HEXACO-PI study showed higher Conscientiousness in the Abrahamic group. Both Abrahamic and spiritual participants scored higher in Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility compared to the non-religious group, supporting the hypothesis that religious and spiritual identities are linked to more prosocial personality traits. Additionally, individuals in the spiritual group scored higher in Openness to Experience and Extraversion, indicating a profile oriented toward novelty-seeking and engagement with new ideas. These findings point to distinctive personality configurations associated with different religious/spiritual identities: a more conservative and diligent profile among traditional religious adherents, and a more open and exploratory orientation among spiritual seekers. However, limitations such as the use of convenience sampling, overrepresentation of women and university students, and group differences in sociodemographic variables caution against overgeneralization. Future research should employ more representative sampling methods and control for demographic variables to better understand the psychological dimensions of religiosity and spirituality in Uruguay.