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Objectives <p>This study evaluated the fungicidal effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using a 450&#xa0;nm diode laser combined with nano-curcumin, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and curcumin–silver nanoparticles (Cur–Ag NPs) against <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms within root canals.</p> Materials and methods <p>Eighty-six extracted human single-rooted teeth with single canals were instrumented using the ProTaper system up to F4. <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms were developed according to a previously established protocol. Six untreated teeth were used to confirm biofilm formation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (<i>n</i> = 3) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (<i>n</i> = 3). The remaining teeth were randomly assigned to eight groups (<i>n</i> = 10): Group 1, 2.5% NaOCl; Group 2, 450&#xa0;nm diode laser (100 mW, 2&#xa0;min); Group 3, nano-curcumin; Group 4, nano-curcumin + diode laser; Group 5, Ag-NPs; Group 6, Ag-NPs + diode laser; Group 7, Cur–Ag NPs; Group 8, Cur–Ag NPs + diode laser. Antifungal efficacy was assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and live/dead cell analysis by CLSM. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of <i>P</i> = 0.05.</p> Results <p>Group 1 showed the highest reduction in CFUs counts (99.8%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), followed by Group 8 (94.9%) and Group 6 (92%), with no significant difference between the latter two groups. Groups 4, 5, and 7 demonstrated significantly greater reductions than the remaining groups, with no significant intergroup differences. CLSM findings were consistent, showing the highest percentage of dead cells in Group 1 (90.08%), followed by Group 8 (82.3%) and Group 6 (76.69%).</p> Conclusion <p>Photodynamic therapy using low-power 450&#xa0;nm diode laser irradiation enhanced the antifungal activity of nano-curcumin, silver nanoparticles, and curcumin–silver nanoparticle composites against <i>Candida albicans</i> biofilms within the root canal system. This approach may serve as a promising adjunct to conventional disinfection methods.</p>

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Efficacy of photodynamic therapy using blue diode laser with different nanoparticles against Candida albicans biofilms in infected root canals (In vitro study)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Latifa Abdelgawad,
  • Heba M. Sherif,
  • Dalia Y. Zaki,
  • Marwa A. Sherief,
  • Somia Eissa

摘要

Objectives

This study evaluated the fungicidal effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using a 450 nm diode laser combined with nano-curcumin, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and curcumin–silver nanoparticles (Cur–Ag NPs) against Candida albicans biofilms within root canals.

Materials and methods

Eighty-six extracted human single-rooted teeth with single canals were instrumented using the ProTaper system up to F4. Candida albicans biofilms were developed according to a previously established protocol. Six untreated teeth were used to confirm biofilm formation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n = 3) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (n = 3). The remaining teeth were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 10): Group 1, 2.5% NaOCl; Group 2, 450 nm diode laser (100 mW, 2 min); Group 3, nano-curcumin; Group 4, nano-curcumin + diode laser; Group 5, Ag-NPs; Group 6, Ag-NPs + diode laser; Group 7, Cur–Ag NPs; Group 8, Cur–Ag NPs + diode laser. Antifungal efficacy was assessed using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and live/dead cell analysis by CLSM. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of P = 0.05.

Results

Group 1 showed the highest reduction in CFUs counts (99.8%, P < 0.05), followed by Group 8 (94.9%) and Group 6 (92%), with no significant difference between the latter two groups. Groups 4, 5, and 7 demonstrated significantly greater reductions than the remaining groups, with no significant intergroup differences. CLSM findings were consistent, showing the highest percentage of dead cells in Group 1 (90.08%), followed by Group 8 (82.3%) and Group 6 (76.69%).

Conclusion

Photodynamic therapy using low-power 450 nm diode laser irradiation enhanced the antifungal activity of nano-curcumin, silver nanoparticles, and curcumin–silver nanoparticle composites against Candida albicans biofilms within the root canal system. This approach may serve as a promising adjunct to conventional disinfection methods.