The effect of indocyanine green mediated photodynamic therapy on periodontal inflammatory markers among smokers versus non smokers

The study evaluates the effect of indocyanine green(ICG) mediated photodynamic therapy on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinase- 8(MMP-8) and tumour necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) in Stage III Grade B periodontitis subjects among smokers versus non-smokers.

75 subjects (aged 28- 60 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups:—GROUP 1: (15) periodontally healthy non-smoker subjects, GROUP 2: (30) non-smoker subjects with periodontitis, GROUP 3: (30) smoker subjects with periodontitis. Based on treatment, GROUP 2 and 3 were randomly subdivided into: (A) NSPT alone (15) and (B) NSPT + PDT (15). Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. TNF-α and MMP-8 concentrations were determined from the GCF samples using ELISA kit at baseline and after 3 months.

The results showed that significant reductions in clinical parameters were seen in GROUP 2B and 3B when compared to GROUP 2A and 3A. TNF-α and MMP-8 levels showed statistically significant reduction in GROUP 2B and 3B when compared to GROUP 2A and 3A after 3 months.

This study concluded that NSPT with ICG mediated PDT have an additional benefit when compared with NSPT alone when used in smoker and non-smoker subjects with Stage III Grade B periodontitis.