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<p>Ergonomics and industrial engineering have evolved from the analysis of work processes to the co-design of work systems, with a&#xa0;particular focus today on the tension field between natural and artificial intelligence. In the military sector, research is being conducted on how AI-based systems can support or take over safety-critical processes such as the use of weapons. Concepts such as “Meaningful Human Control” (MHC) and decision dilemmas, which offer a&#xa0;human-oriented and a&#xa0;balanced perspective on automation, are also increasingly being used in civilian areas. This paper highlights how the models can be transferred from defense to civilian areas like automated driving and Industry&#xa0;5.0.</p><p><i>Practical Relevance:</i> The practical relevance of this article is the transferability of military models to the civilian sector. This possibility of bilateral dual use offers relevant insights and concepts that can be effectively used, for example in the automotive industry and Industry&#xa0;5.0. An interdisciplinary methodology can foster understanding of decision-making dilemmas and human control in both military and civilian applications. The application of the dilemma-model as well as the holistic bowtie model in civilian work design emphasizes that concepts related to human control and conflicting objectives in the decision-making process can be applied and transferred to various disciplines.</p>

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Schwerter und Pflugscharen

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Frank Flemisch,
  • Anja Dannewitz,
  • Paul Weiser,
  • Tassilo Ianniello,
  • Marcel Usai,
  • Michael Preutenborbeck

摘要

Ergonomics and industrial engineering have evolved from the analysis of work processes to the co-design of work systems, with a particular focus today on the tension field between natural and artificial intelligence. In the military sector, research is being conducted on how AI-based systems can support or take over safety-critical processes such as the use of weapons. Concepts such as “Meaningful Human Control” (MHC) and decision dilemmas, which offer a human-oriented and a balanced perspective on automation, are also increasingly being used in civilian areas. This paper highlights how the models can be transferred from defense to civilian areas like automated driving and Industry 5.0.

Practical Relevance: The practical relevance of this article is the transferability of military models to the civilian sector. This possibility of bilateral dual use offers relevant insights and concepts that can be effectively used, for example in the automotive industry and Industry 5.0. An interdisciplinary methodology can foster understanding of decision-making dilemmas and human control in both military and civilian applications. The application of the dilemma-model as well as the holistic bowtie model in civilian work design emphasizes that concepts related to human control and conflicting objectives in the decision-making process can be applied and transferred to various disciplines.