Nano Iron with Macro Applications

Magnetic nanoparticles have been actively researched for at least the last 5 years for their potential in analytical chemistry, bio sensing, nano medicine, and water purification and remediation. The uniqueness of magnetic nanoparticles lies in their superparamagnetic properties, unique nanoscale dimensions, ability to be used in many applications in bare form or coated with surface coatings and the choice of functional groups for use. In particular, ferrite nanoparticles are the most common magnetic nanoparticles and can produce magnetic nanoparticles by combining many superparamagnetic nanoparticles into groups to form magnetic beads. Various uses of nanoparticles have changed many aspects of society. In the last decade, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted great attention due to their applications in specific fields such as medicine, cancer, bio sensing, catalysis, agriculture and the environment. Controlled surface engineering for the production of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles is crucial to achieve the desired applications. The fundamental techniques for creating magnetic nanoparticles are briefly covered in this review, followed by a presentation of the characteristics, applications, and toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles along with several illustrative instances. Finally, the current challenges, limitations and future prospects of magnetic nanoparticles were discussed.