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<p>Particle radiotherapy offers unique physical and biological advantages over photon radiotherapy. However, it shows numerous uncertainties due to positioning errors, range straggling, incident particle errors, and other factors. Addressing and mitigating these uncertainties can lead to more precise treatment and reduce the unnecessary or excessive doses administered to patients. A critical approach to reducing uncertainties in treatment is the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry. Thus, developing an independent technique for 3D dose reconstruction in patients during treatment delivery is crucial for particle therapy facilities. In this study, we aimed to develop a real-time 3D dosimetric imaging system for particle therapy to monitor the beam range and dose distribution in patients during particle therapy. A prototype of the imaging system was designed and evaluated using a beam monitoring system and dose engine (DoRT). The beam monitoring system was used to measure the parameters of a pencil beam in real-time during treatment, and DoRT was used to reconstruct the 3D dose distribution of the pencil beam in the target. We performed a functional evaluation of this prototype with carbon ions incident on a heavy-ion medical machine (HIMM) and compared the reconstructed dose distribution with those obtained from Monte Carlo calculations and film measurements. For the investigated zigzag-scanning delivery case, real-time dose reconstruction with 1&#xa0;mm cubic voxels was achieved by this prototype, and &#xa0;with the reconstructed dose image updated every 46&#xa0;ms. The reconstructed doses were benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulated results, where the average gamma index passing rate (3&#xa0;mm, 3%) was 95.36%. In addition, the reconstructed lateral profile dose distributions were in good agreement with the medical film measurement results, and the median value of the dose deviation was 1.56%. These experimental results confirm the feasibility of the system for 3D dosimetric imaging. In this study, real-time 3D dose reconstruction for particle therapy is realized with the ultimate goal of providing a new reference scheme for real-time 3D dosimetric imaging to improve the accuracy of particle therapy.</p>

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Prototype of a real-time three-dimensional dosimetric imaging system for particle therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Fa-Ming Luo,
  • Chuan Huang,
  • Zheng-Guo Hu,
  • Yu-Cong Chen,
  • Xiu-Ling Zhang,
  • Juan Li,
  • Zhi-Guo Xu,
  • Xin-Cai Kang,
  • Xin-Le Lang,
  • Zu-Long Zhao,
  • Jia-Li Fu,
  • Kai Zhou,
  • Xiao-Tao Liu,
  • Wei-Long Li,
  • Rui-Shi Mao,
  • Guo-Qing Xiao

摘要

Particle radiotherapy offers unique physical and biological advantages over photon radiotherapy. However, it shows numerous uncertainties due to positioning errors, range straggling, incident particle errors, and other factors. Addressing and mitigating these uncertainties can lead to more precise treatment and reduce the unnecessary or excessive doses administered to patients. A critical approach to reducing uncertainties in treatment is the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry. Thus, developing an independent technique for 3D dose reconstruction in patients during treatment delivery is crucial for particle therapy facilities. In this study, we aimed to develop a real-time 3D dosimetric imaging system for particle therapy to monitor the beam range and dose distribution in patients during particle therapy. A prototype of the imaging system was designed and evaluated using a beam monitoring system and dose engine (DoRT). The beam monitoring system was used to measure the parameters of a pencil beam in real-time during treatment, and DoRT was used to reconstruct the 3D dose distribution of the pencil beam in the target. We performed a functional evaluation of this prototype with carbon ions incident on a heavy-ion medical machine (HIMM) and compared the reconstructed dose distribution with those obtained from Monte Carlo calculations and film measurements. For the investigated zigzag-scanning delivery case, real-time dose reconstruction with 1 mm cubic voxels was achieved by this prototype, and  with the reconstructed dose image updated every 46 ms. The reconstructed doses were benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulated results, where the average gamma index passing rate (3 mm, 3%) was 95.36%. In addition, the reconstructed lateral profile dose distributions were in good agreement with the medical film measurement results, and the median value of the dose deviation was 1.56%. These experimental results confirm the feasibility of the system for 3D dosimetric imaging. In this study, real-time 3D dose reconstruction for particle therapy is realized with the ultimate goal of providing a new reference scheme for real-time 3D dosimetric imaging to improve the accuracy of particle therapy.