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<p>An optimization algorithm for pairwise nuclear fusion with arbitrarily weighted macroparticles is proposed and demonstrated using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A faster computation of the Coulomb collision operator is achieved compared with that obtained through the classical nuclear fusion algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm can be implemented in the PIC simulation code with marginal effort. The algorithm is benchmarked in scenarios with like-particles, D(d,n)<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({^{3}\text {He}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>He</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, unlike-particles, D(t,n)<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({^{4}\text {He}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>4</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>He</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, thermonuclear fusion, and beam-target fusion. Moreover, the CPU time could be reduced significantly without reducing the simulation accuracy.</p>

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Alternative pairwise nuclear fusion optimization algorithm in arbitrarily weighted particle-in-cell simulations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Qian Dong,
  • Chao-Zhi Li,
  • Chen Xie,
  • Zhi-Dong Chen,
  • De-Bin Zou,
  • Wen Luo,
  • Tong-Pu Yu

摘要

An optimization algorithm for pairwise nuclear fusion with arbitrarily weighted macroparticles is proposed and demonstrated using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A faster computation of the Coulomb collision operator is achieved compared with that obtained through the classical nuclear fusion algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm can be implemented in the PIC simulation code with marginal effort. The algorithm is benchmarked in scenarios with like-particles, D(d,n) \({^{3}\text {He}}\) 3 He , unlike-particles, D(t,n) \({^{4}\text {He}}\) 4 He , thermonuclear fusion, and beam-target fusion. Moreover, the CPU time could be reduced significantly without reducing the simulation accuracy.