<p>A heavy-ion time-of-flight spectrometer called HiToF, with magnet focusing accomplished by a quadrupole triplet lens, was constructed at the Beijing Tandem Accelerator National Laboratory, mainly for studies of multi-nucleon transfer reactions at energies near the Coulomb barrier. The spectrometer was equipped with a rotating chamber with a diameter of 40&#xa0;cm and could be rotated over a large angular range from <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-40^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mn>40</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(160^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>160</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The length from the target to the focal plane is 2.7 m, enabling high-precision time-of-flight measurements using two microchannel plate detectors with a 1.9 m apart and a typical time resolution of 120 ps. A multisampling position-sensitive ionization chamber for <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\Delta }E-E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> measurement is placed on the focal plane, which offers a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\Delta }Z/Z\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>Z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> resolution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{1}{50}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>50</mn> </mfrac> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The setup provided a maximum solid angle <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\Delta }{\Omega }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 20 msr. An experiment on <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{32}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>32</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>S + <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{90,94}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mrow> <mn>90</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>94</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Zr at a beam energy of 135 MeV was performed to test the performance. The projectile-like ions were identified with a mass resolution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\sigma } = 0.2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> amu. The results showed that the HiToF spectrometer is a powerful setup for studying heavy-ion reaction mechanisms at low energies.</p>

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The heavy-ion time-of-flight spectrometer HiToF

  • Hao-Rui Wang,
  • Cheng-Jian Lin,
  • Nan-Ru Ma,
  • Lei Yang,
  • Feng Yang,
  • Hui-Ming Jia,
  • Pei-Wei Wen,
  • Tian-Peng Luo,
  • Chang Chang,
  • Hai-Rui Duan,
  • Song-Xian Zhu,
  • Zhi-Jie Huang,
  • Cheng Yin,
  • Ze-Rui Fan,
  • Ling-Yi Fu,
  • Hui-Yan Li,
  • Shao-Wen Mo,
  • Hao Lu,
  • Chen-Xu Wu

摘要

A heavy-ion time-of-flight spectrometer called HiToF, with magnet focusing accomplished by a quadrupole triplet lens, was constructed at the Beijing Tandem Accelerator National Laboratory, mainly for studies of multi-nucleon transfer reactions at energies near the Coulomb barrier. The spectrometer was equipped with a rotating chamber with a diameter of 40 cm and could be rotated over a large angular range from \(-40^{\circ }\) - 40 to \(160^{\circ }\) 160 . The length from the target to the focal plane is 2.7 m, enabling high-precision time-of-flight measurements using two microchannel plate detectors with a 1.9 m apart and a typical time resolution of 120 ps. A multisampling position-sensitive ionization chamber for \({\Delta }E-E\) Δ E - E measurement is placed on the focal plane, which offers a \({\Delta }Z/Z\) Δ Z / Z resolution of \(\frac{1}{50}\) 1 50 . The setup provided a maximum solid angle \({\Delta }{\Omega }\) Δ Ω = 20 msr. An experiment on \(^{32}\) 32 S + \(^{90,94}\) 90 , 94 Zr at a beam energy of 135 MeV was performed to test the performance. The projectile-like ions were identified with a mass resolution of \({\sigma } = 0.2\) σ = 0.2 amu. The results showed that the HiToF spectrometer is a powerful setup for studying heavy-ion reaction mechanisms at low energies.