<p>In-situ exploration of deep-sea seabed resources is a valuable research direction. Neutron activation-based in-situ exploration methods for seabed polymetallic nodules or crust resources are theoretically feasible because of the high content and high neutron capture cross-section of manganese in these nodules or crusts. However, to date, only a few relevant studies have been conducted. In this study, a prototype deep-sea in-situ neutron activation spectrometer (DINAS) was designed for resource exploration. Through an analysis of the principles of the spectrometer combined with Monte Carlo simulations of the physical principles and finite element simulations of deep-sea pressure, the structure and fundamental components of the spectrometer were determined. The inner core of the spectrometer comprised three components: a compact neutron generator for neutron production, gamma-ray detectors, and an electronics system. The gamma-ray detector array of the spectrometer consisted of LaBr<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1748_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Bi<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1748_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>4</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Ge<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1748_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>O<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1748_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_{12}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>12</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> scintillation crystals coupled with silicon photomultiplier arrays. The electronics system was divided into two modules to implement the SiPM readout and digital signal analysis along the modular design lines. The experimental activation of neutron beamlines at the China Spallation Neutron Source demonstrated the capability of the spectrometer detectors to detect activated gamma-rays and showed that the spectrometer achieved an energy resolution of 2.8% at 847 keV for the LaBr<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1748_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(_3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> detector and 6.7% at 2.113 MeV for the BGO detector. The laboratory model experiment tested the functionality of the spectrometer prototype, whereas the Geant4 simulation verified the reliability of the Monte Carlo method. The method and prototype proposed in this study proved feasible for the in-situ detection of polymetallic nodules or crusts in deep-sea environments.</p>

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Prototype of a deep-sea in-situ neutron activation spectrometer for polymetallic nodule and crust exploration

  • Xiao-Hu Wang,
  • Ping Cao,
  • Bin Zhou,
  • Yuan-Da Wang,
  • Yu Zhu

摘要

In-situ exploration of deep-sea seabed resources is a valuable research direction. Neutron activation-based in-situ exploration methods for seabed polymetallic nodules or crust resources are theoretically feasible because of the high content and high neutron capture cross-section of manganese in these nodules or crusts. However, to date, only a few relevant studies have been conducted. In this study, a prototype deep-sea in-situ neutron activation spectrometer (DINAS) was designed for resource exploration. Through an analysis of the principles of the spectrometer combined with Monte Carlo simulations of the physical principles and finite element simulations of deep-sea pressure, the structure and fundamental components of the spectrometer were determined. The inner core of the spectrometer comprised three components: a compact neutron generator for neutron production, gamma-ray detectors, and an electronics system. The gamma-ray detector array of the spectrometer consisted of LaBr \(_3\) 3 and Bi \(_4\) 4 Ge \(_3\) 3 O \(_{12}\) 12 scintillation crystals coupled with silicon photomultiplier arrays. The electronics system was divided into two modules to implement the SiPM readout and digital signal analysis along the modular design lines. The experimental activation of neutron beamlines at the China Spallation Neutron Source demonstrated the capability of the spectrometer detectors to detect activated gamma-rays and showed that the spectrometer achieved an energy resolution of 2.8% at 847 keV for the LaBr \(_3\) 3 detector and 6.7% at 2.113 MeV for the BGO detector. The laboratory model experiment tested the functionality of the spectrometer prototype, whereas the Geant4 simulation verified the reliability of the Monte Carlo method. The method and prototype proposed in this study proved feasible for the in-situ detection of polymetallic nodules or crusts in deep-sea environments.