<p>The neutron richness of the light charged particles emitted out of the fission plane in heavy ion reactions has been experimentally investigated via the production of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A=3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> mirror nuclei in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{86}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>86</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Kr +<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^\textrm{nat}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mtext>nat</mtext> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>Pb reactions at 25 MeV/u. The energy spectra and angular distributions of triton (t) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>He in coincidence with two fission fragments are measured with the Compact Spectrometer for Heavy IoN Experiment (CSHINE). The energy spectrum of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>He is observed harder than that of triton in the fission events, in accordance with the phenomena reported as “<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>3</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>He-puzzle” in inclusive measurements. With a data-driven energy spectrum peak cut scenario, it is observed that the yield ratio <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41365_2025_1742_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R(\mathrm{t/^3He})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">He</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> increases with the angle to the fission plane, showing an enhancement of neutron-rich particle emission from out-of-fission-plane. A qualitative comparison with the transport model calculations suggests that this observation may serve as a new probe for the nuclear symmetry energy.</p>

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The enhancement of neutron-rich particle emission from out-of-fission-plane in Fermi energy heavy ion reactions

  • Yi-Jie Wang,
  • Sheng Xiao,
  • Meng-Ting Wan,
  • Xin-Yue Diao,
  • Yu-Hao Qin,
  • Zhi Qin,
  • Dong Guo,
  • Da-Wei Si,
  • Bo-Yuan Zhang,
  • Bai-Ting Tian,
  • Jun-Huai Xu,
  • Fen-Hai Guan,
  • Qiang-Hua Wu,
  • Xiang-Lun Wei,
  • He-Run Yang,
  • Peng Ma,
  • Rong-Jiang Hu,
  • Li-Min Duan,
  • Fang-Fang Duan,
  • Jun-Bing Ma,
  • Shi-Wei Xu,
  • Qiang Hu,
  • Zhen Bai,
  • Yan-Yun Yang,
  • Jian-Song Wang,
  • Wen-Bo Liu,
  • Wan-Qing Su,
  • Xiao-Bao Wei,
  • Chun-Wang Ma,
  • Xin-Xiang Li,
  • Hong-Wei Wang,
  • Ying-Xun Zhang,
  • Michał Warda,
  • Arthur Dobrowolski,
  • Bożena Nerlo-Pomorska,
  • Krzysztof Pomorski,
  • Li Ou,
  • Zhi-Gang Xiao

摘要

The neutron richness of the light charged particles emitted out of the fission plane in heavy ion reactions has been experimentally investigated via the production of \(A=3\) A = 3 mirror nuclei in \(^{86}\) 86 Kr + \(^\textrm{nat}\) nat Pb reactions at 25 MeV/u. The energy spectra and angular distributions of triton (t) and \(^3\) 3 He in coincidence with two fission fragments are measured with the Compact Spectrometer for Heavy IoN Experiment (CSHINE). The energy spectrum of \(^{3}\) 3 He is observed harder than that of triton in the fission events, in accordance with the phenomena reported as “ \(^{3}\) 3 He-puzzle” in inclusive measurements. With a data-driven energy spectrum peak cut scenario, it is observed that the yield ratio \(R(\mathrm{t/^3He})\) R ( t / 3 He ) increases with the angle to the fission plane, showing an enhancement of neutron-rich particle emission from out-of-fission-plane. A qualitative comparison with the transport model calculations suggests that this observation may serve as a new probe for the nuclear symmetry energy.