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<p>Low dark current photocathode guns are highly desired for high-brightness continuous-wave operations. Direct-current superconducting radio-frequency (DC-SRF) gun, a hybrid photocathode gun combining a DC gap and an SRF cavity, effectively isolates the photocathode from the SRF cavity and offers significant advantages in terms of minimizing dark current levels. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the dark current of a newly developed high-brightness DC-SRF photocathode gun (DC-SRF-II gun). Particularly, a systematic experimental investigation of the dark current was conducted, and a comprehensive understanding of its formation was achieved through compliant simulations and measurements. Additionally, measures for attaining sub-nanoampere dark currents in the DC-SRF-II gun are presented, including design considerations, cavity processing, assembly, and conditioning. The findings of this study establish a strong foundation for achieving high-performance operation of the DC-SRF-II gun and provide a valuable reference for other photocathode guns.</p>

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Dark current investigation of a direct-current and superconducting radio-frequency combined photocathode gun

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Tian-Yi Li,
  • Hao-Yan Jia,
  • Jun-Tao Liu,
  • Lin Lin,
  • Fei Jiao,
  • Li-Wen Feng,
  • Sheng-Wen Quan,
  • Jing-Yi Li,
  • Sen-Lin Huang

摘要

Low dark current photocathode guns are highly desired for high-brightness continuous-wave operations. Direct-current superconducting radio-frequency (DC-SRF) gun, a hybrid photocathode gun combining a DC gap and an SRF cavity, effectively isolates the photocathode from the SRF cavity and offers significant advantages in terms of minimizing dark current levels. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the dark current of a newly developed high-brightness DC-SRF photocathode gun (DC-SRF-II gun). Particularly, a systematic experimental investigation of the dark current was conducted, and a comprehensive understanding of its formation was achieved through compliant simulations and measurements. Additionally, measures for attaining sub-nanoampere dark currents in the DC-SRF-II gun are presented, including design considerations, cavity processing, assembly, and conditioning. The findings of this study establish a strong foundation for achieving high-performance operation of the DC-SRF-II gun and provide a valuable reference for other photocathode guns.