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<p>The main scientific payload of Macau Science Satellite-1B is a solar soft X-ray detection unit. To obtain an accurate solar X-ray spectrum, we have designed low-noise, high-throughput electronics. Solar radiation is detected using a low-leakage silicon drift detector (SDD), which is cooled to − 30&#xa0;°C. The SDD output is processed using two parallel shaping amplifiers with peaking times of 315&#xa0;ns and 65&#xa0;ns. The amplifiers are designed using two-pole multiple-feedback active low-pass filters optimized to achieve a Bessel response. The differential output of the shaping amplifier generates a bipolar signal. The phase of the differential stage is tuned to ensure zero crossing corresponding to the peak of the shaping amplifier. A high-speed switch is inserted between the shaping amplifier and the peak-hold capacitor, and the peak value is maintained by turning off the switch. Fast and slow peak-hold circuits share a common ADC via time-division multiplexing. Both peak values are sampled for space-background rejection. Traditional pile-up detection methods cannot distinguish pulses that overlap in a fast channel. In this study, the differential of the “fast shaping” is selected, enabling the distinction of events separated by as little as 65ns, which is crucial for solar flare detection. The energy resolution is measured to be 138&#xa0;eV at 5.90&#xa0;keV. The centroid drift is less than 3.6&#xa0;eV between − 5 °C and 20 °C. Compared with other solar X-ray instruments, this study demonstrates improved energy resolution with a lower peaking time, indicating a higher solar flare detection capability.</p>

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Low-noise read-out electronics design for a solar soft X-ray spectrometer onboard the MSS-1B satellite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • Jian-Wu Chen,
  • Yong-Qiang Shi,
  • Fu-Chang Zuo,
  • Zhi-Wu Mei,
  • Wei-Chun Fu,
  • Fang-Qin Gai,
  • Ye Chang,
  • Ying Yang,
  • Shu-Juan Yang,
  • Zhi-Jun Tu,
  • Xu-Li Liu,
  • Jian-Fu Zhang,
  • Ran Zheng,
  • Li Wang,
  • Chun-Hui Zhao,
  • Di Zhang,
  • Xiao-Ping Zhang

摘要

The main scientific payload of Macau Science Satellite-1B is a solar soft X-ray detection unit. To obtain an accurate solar X-ray spectrum, we have designed low-noise, high-throughput electronics. Solar radiation is detected using a low-leakage silicon drift detector (SDD), which is cooled to − 30 °C. The SDD output is processed using two parallel shaping amplifiers with peaking times of 315 ns and 65 ns. The amplifiers are designed using two-pole multiple-feedback active low-pass filters optimized to achieve a Bessel response. The differential output of the shaping amplifier generates a bipolar signal. The phase of the differential stage is tuned to ensure zero crossing corresponding to the peak of the shaping amplifier. A high-speed switch is inserted between the shaping amplifier and the peak-hold capacitor, and the peak value is maintained by turning off the switch. Fast and slow peak-hold circuits share a common ADC via time-division multiplexing. Both peak values are sampled for space-background rejection. Traditional pile-up detection methods cannot distinguish pulses that overlap in a fast channel. In this study, the differential of the “fast shaping” is selected, enabling the distinction of events separated by as little as 65ns, which is crucial for solar flare detection. The energy resolution is measured to be 138 eV at 5.90 keV. The centroid drift is less than 3.6 eV between − 5 °C and 20 °C. Compared with other solar X-ray instruments, this study demonstrates improved energy resolution with a lower peaking time, indicating a higher solar flare detection capability.