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<p>The fall armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith, 1797)) is a damaging pest of maize that causes significant agricultural losses in its native habitat in the Americas and in newly invaded regions worldwide. Reliance on chemical pesticides for their control can lead to environmental problems and may impair sustainable crop production, underscoring the need for ecologically suitable alternatives. This research assessed the individual and combined effects of silicon (Si) supplementation and the egg parasitoid <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> on fall armyworm performance, parasitism, and maize development under field conditions. Silicon was applied as sodium silicate at 800 and 1200 ppm via foliar spray and soil drenching, either alone or in combination with <i>T. pretiosum</i>. The combination of 1200 ppm silicon and <i>T. pretiosum</i> produced the greatest effects, reducing egg hatching from 94 to 48%, larval survival from 92.2% to 41.0%, pupal weight to 165&#xa0;mg, and adult lifespan to 7.1 days. Parasitism increased to 70.6%, resulting in fewer larvae and less plant damage. Silicon supplementation and parasitoid release significantly altered larval biochemical composition, reducing protein, lipid, and glycogen stores. In addition, treated plants showed increased biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf toughness, silicon accumulation, and macronutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations. Soil drenching consistently elicited greater responses than foliar application. These data suggest that combining silicon-induced resistance with <i>T. pretiosum</i> biological control offers an effective and durable approach to controlling fall armyworm while improving maize performance.</p>

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Complementary effects of silicon-induced plant defense and Trichogramma pretiosum biological control of fall armyworm in maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Kamran Haider,
  • Muhammad Sufian,
  • Dilawar Abbas,
  • Kamil Kabir,
  • Muhammad Lubaid Khalid,
  • Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail

摘要

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797)) is a damaging pest of maize that causes significant agricultural losses in its native habitat in the Americas and in newly invaded regions worldwide. Reliance on chemical pesticides for their control can lead to environmental problems and may impair sustainable crop production, underscoring the need for ecologically suitable alternatives. This research assessed the individual and combined effects of silicon (Si) supplementation and the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum on fall armyworm performance, parasitism, and maize development under field conditions. Silicon was applied as sodium silicate at 800 and 1200 ppm via foliar spray and soil drenching, either alone or in combination with T. pretiosum. The combination of 1200 ppm silicon and T. pretiosum produced the greatest effects, reducing egg hatching from 94 to 48%, larval survival from 92.2% to 41.0%, pupal weight to 165 mg, and adult lifespan to 7.1 days. Parasitism increased to 70.6%, resulting in fewer larvae and less plant damage. Silicon supplementation and parasitoid release significantly altered larval biochemical composition, reducing protein, lipid, and glycogen stores. In addition, treated plants showed increased biomass, chlorophyll content, leaf toughness, silicon accumulation, and macronutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations. Soil drenching consistently elicited greater responses than foliar application. These data suggest that combining silicon-induced resistance with T. pretiosum biological control offers an effective and durable approach to controlling fall armyworm while improving maize performance.