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<p>This study was carried out to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using <i>Cladosporium herbarum</i> fungal extract and to determine the pesticidal activity of the obtained Ag nano product against two important pests of potato. The mycosynthesised AgNPs were subjected to physico-chemical technical analyses (UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, STEM, EDX, Zeta Potential) and the results obtained met all the necessary criteria to confirm the synthesis of AgNPs. Bioactivity tests were carried out under in vitro and in vivo conditions against potato fungal dry rot disease (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>) using five different concentration doses (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) of AgNPs. As expected in in vitro tests, the smallest mycelium diameter of (20.13 ± 0.66&#xa0;mm) was recorded at 200 ppm AgNP treatment concentration dose. At the same time, the highest inhibition percentage (76.3%) observed on pathogenic PDA was recorded at 200 ppm AgNP treatment concentration dose. In the in vivo study carried out on potato tubers, the rates of inhibition of disease severity (actual decay diameter ratio) caused by pathogenic fungus (<i>F. oxysporum</i>) in tubers by AgNP application were evaluated. The lowest decay diameter ratio (0.6 ± 0.03&#xa0;mm) was found in 200 ppm AgNPs treatment. In addition, the highest disease reduction rate (99.1%) was obtained with 200 ppm AgNPs application to pathogenic tubers. In the study conducted against potato aphid (<i>Macrosiphum euphorbiae</i>), five different doses of AgNPs (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm) were sprayed on both adults and fourth instar nymphs of the pest for both petri and pot trials. In AgNP spray trials applied to both life forms, significant increases in mortality rates were observed as the duration of AgNP exposure and the dose amount of AgNP applied increased. it was determined that the dose amount required to kill the fourth instar nymphs at the end of 120&#xa0;h (LC50: 5.71 ppm for petri dishes application and LC50: 13.003 ppm for potted plants application) was lower than the dose amount required to kill the adults (LC50: 10.856 ppm for petri dishes application and LC50: 35.871 ppm for potted plants application). it was determined that at the highest dose rate (125 ppm), the exposure times required to kill fourth instar nymphs (61.749&#xa0;h for LT50: petri dishes application and 71.923&#xa0;h for LT50: potted plants application) were lower than the exposure times required to kill adults (88.954&#xa0;h for LT50: petri dishes application and 94.376&#xa0;h for LT50: potted plants application). According to the results obtained, AgNPs synthesised using <i>C. herbarum</i> fungus proved to be highly effective at low doses against two important pest organisms that have the potential to damage potato. Accordingly, this Ag nano product has proved that it can be used as an alternative product in pest control studies in terms of plant health.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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The evaluation of Cladosporium herbarum mediated synthesised AgNPs for controlling potato fungal dry rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Hemiptera: Aphididae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Onur Aker,
  • İdris Bektaş

摘要

This study was carried out to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using Cladosporium herbarum fungal extract and to determine the pesticidal activity of the obtained Ag nano product against two important pests of potato. The mycosynthesised AgNPs were subjected to physico-chemical technical analyses (UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, STEM, EDX, Zeta Potential) and the results obtained met all the necessary criteria to confirm the synthesis of AgNPs. Bioactivity tests were carried out under in vitro and in vivo conditions against potato fungal dry rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum) using five different concentration doses (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) of AgNPs. As expected in in vitro tests, the smallest mycelium diameter of (20.13 ± 0.66 mm) was recorded at 200 ppm AgNP treatment concentration dose. At the same time, the highest inhibition percentage (76.3%) observed on pathogenic PDA was recorded at 200 ppm AgNP treatment concentration dose. In the in vivo study carried out on potato tubers, the rates of inhibition of disease severity (actual decay diameter ratio) caused by pathogenic fungus (F. oxysporum) in tubers by AgNP application were evaluated. The lowest decay diameter ratio (0.6 ± 0.03 mm) was found in 200 ppm AgNPs treatment. In addition, the highest disease reduction rate (99.1%) was obtained with 200 ppm AgNPs application to pathogenic tubers. In the study conducted against potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), five different doses of AgNPs (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm) were sprayed on both adults and fourth instar nymphs of the pest for both petri and pot trials. In AgNP spray trials applied to both life forms, significant increases in mortality rates were observed as the duration of AgNP exposure and the dose amount of AgNP applied increased. it was determined that the dose amount required to kill the fourth instar nymphs at the end of 120 h (LC50: 5.71 ppm for petri dishes application and LC50: 13.003 ppm for potted plants application) was lower than the dose amount required to kill the adults (LC50: 10.856 ppm for petri dishes application and LC50: 35.871 ppm for potted plants application). it was determined that at the highest dose rate (125 ppm), the exposure times required to kill fourth instar nymphs (61.749 h for LT50: petri dishes application and 71.923 h for LT50: potted plants application) were lower than the exposure times required to kill adults (88.954 h for LT50: petri dishes application and 94.376 h for LT50: potted plants application). According to the results obtained, AgNPs synthesised using C. herbarum fungus proved to be highly effective at low doses against two important pest organisms that have the potential to damage potato. Accordingly, this Ag nano product has proved that it can be used as an alternative product in pest control studies in terms of plant health.

Graphical abstract