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<p>The ornamental Rubiaceae <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>, commonly known as gardenia or Cape jasmine, is widely used in Brazilian gardens and other countries because of the abundance and beauty of its flowers. Since the 19th century, some researchers have reported cases of gardenia roots deformed by galls, and four species have been reported so far. This study aims to confirm the occurrence <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> infecting gardenias on nursery plants in Brazil. First, the nematodes were identified through perineal patterns, esterase isoenzymes, and molecular analysis. Then the roots were processed for nematodes quantification. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, an isolate of <i>M. enterolobii</i> from a gardenia plant was multiplied and used to inoculate healthy gardenias cuttings, while others were maintained as controls. Concomitantly, additional bell pepper seedlings (susceptible to <i>M</i>. <i>enterolobii</i>) were inoculated, and others were kept as controls. The plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 10 weeks, then evaluated and processed. The reproduction factor (Rf) was 3.46 in gardenia and 43.11 in bell pepper, suggesting that gardenia is a less suitable host than bell pepper. This is the first report of <i>M</i>. <i>enterolobii</i> infecting gardenia. The findings highlight the risk of introducing phytonematodes through ornamental seedlings grown in field soils, reiterating the importance of nematode monitoring in nurseries.</p>

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First report of guava root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) infecting gardenia in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月15日

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  • Eduarda Kalena Kirsch de Oliveira,
  • Guilherme Augusto Gotardi,
  • Claudia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz,
  • Mário Massayuki Inomoto

摘要

The ornamental Rubiaceae Gardenia jasminoides, commonly known as gardenia or Cape jasmine, is widely used in Brazilian gardens and other countries because of the abundance and beauty of its flowers. Since the 19th century, some researchers have reported cases of gardenia roots deformed by galls, and four species have been reported so far. This study aims to confirm the occurrence Meloidogyne enterolobii infecting gardenias on nursery plants in Brazil. First, the nematodes were identified through perineal patterns, esterase isoenzymes, and molecular analysis. Then the roots were processed for nematodes quantification. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, an isolate of M. enterolobii from a gardenia plant was multiplied and used to inoculate healthy gardenias cuttings, while others were maintained as controls. Concomitantly, additional bell pepper seedlings (susceptible to M. enterolobii) were inoculated, and others were kept as controls. The plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 10 weeks, then evaluated and processed. The reproduction factor (Rf) was 3.46 in gardenia and 43.11 in bell pepper, suggesting that gardenia is a less suitable host than bell pepper. This is the first report of M. enterolobii infecting gardenia. The findings highlight the risk of introducing phytonematodes through ornamental seedlings grown in field soils, reiterating the importance of nematode monitoring in nurseries.