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<p>Biochar, produced by the pyrolysis of organic materials, has demonstrated potential in plant pathology. Although its ability to suppress harmful phytopathogens has been well-studied, its synergy with beneficial microorganisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the use of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) combined with <i>Trichoderma afroharzianum</i> to control the phytopathogen <i>Agroathelia rolfsii</i>. The in vitro experiments included the following treatments: <i>A. rolfsii</i> (control), <i>A. rolfsii</i> + SSB, <i>A. rolfsii</i> × <i>T. afroharzianum</i>, and <i>A. rolfsii</i> × <i>T. afroharzianum</i> + SSB, with five replicates over five days. The following treatments were evaluated in the experiment involving plants: T1–absolute control, no application of SSB or <i>T. afroharzianum</i>; T2–exclusive application of SSB; T3–application of <i>T. afroharzianum</i>; T4–SSB + <i>T. afroharzianum</i>; T5–Control + pathogen; T6–SSB + pathogen; T7–<i>T. afroharzianum</i> + pathogen; and T8–SSB + <i>T. afroharzianum</i> + pathogen, with seven replications and a duration of 35&#xa0;days. Our in vitro experiment showed that combining SSB with <i>T. afroharzianum</i> reduced <i>A. rolfsii</i> mycelial growth by 70%, decreasing it from 84.8 ± 0.62&#xa0;cm to 27.1 ± 2.1&#xa0;cm (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In a greenhouse trial, the combination of SSB and <i>T. afroharzianum</i> improved seedling development and enhanced resilience against <i>A. rolfsii</i> infection. Seedlings treated with this biochar-microbe mix exhibited a 27% increase (0.48 ± 0.05&#xa0;g–0.61 ± 0.02&#xa0;g) in shoot fresh weight, and dry weight root increase exceeded 135% (0.017 ± 0.001&#xa0;g–0.041 ± 0.002&#xa0;g) compared to those in the absence of disease control measures. The synergistic effects of SSB and <i>T. afroharzianum</i> can pave the way for more sustainable and robust agricultural practices, enhancing plant growth and controlling pathogens.</p>

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Sewage sludge biochar with Trichoderma afroharzianum for control of Agroathelia rolfsii in tomato seedlings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Alyson Silva de Araujo,
  • Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum,
  • Doyglas Vinícius Nunes Andrade,
  • Pedro Batista da Silva Júnior,
  • José Ferreira Lustosa Filho,
  • Cícero Célio de Figueiredo

摘要

Biochar, produced by the pyrolysis of organic materials, has demonstrated potential in plant pathology. Although its ability to suppress harmful phytopathogens has been well-studied, its synergy with beneficial microorganisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the use of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) combined with Trichoderma afroharzianum to control the phytopathogen Agroathelia rolfsii. The in vitro experiments included the following treatments: A. rolfsii (control), A. rolfsii + SSB, A. rolfsii × T. afroharzianum, and A. rolfsii × T. afroharzianum + SSB, with five replicates over five days. The following treatments were evaluated in the experiment involving plants: T1–absolute control, no application of SSB or T. afroharzianum; T2–exclusive application of SSB; T3–application of T. afroharzianum; T4–SSB + T. afroharzianum; T5–Control + pathogen; T6–SSB + pathogen; T7–T. afroharzianum + pathogen; and T8–SSB + T. afroharzianum + pathogen, with seven replications and a duration of 35 days. Our in vitro experiment showed that combining SSB with T. afroharzianum reduced A. rolfsii mycelial growth by 70%, decreasing it from 84.8 ± 0.62 cm to 27.1 ± 2.1 cm (p < 0.05). In a greenhouse trial, the combination of SSB and T. afroharzianum improved seedling development and enhanced resilience against A. rolfsii infection. Seedlings treated with this biochar-microbe mix exhibited a 27% increase (0.48 ± 0.05 g–0.61 ± 0.02 g) in shoot fresh weight, and dry weight root increase exceeded 135% (0.017 ± 0.001 g–0.041 ± 0.002 g) compared to those in the absence of disease control measures. The synergistic effects of SSB and T. afroharzianum can pave the way for more sustainable and robust agricultural practices, enhancing plant growth and controlling pathogens.