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<p>Cauliflower is a nutrient-dense vegetable valued worldwide for its high vitamin, mineral, and antioxidants content. Global production faces major threats from pests such as <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, which causes yield losses of up to 54% in heavily infested areas. Epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are key components of plant microbiomes, function as biofertilizers by enriching nutrients in crops such as cauliflower, biocontrol agents by emitting VOCs that disrupt pest behavior and biostimulants by stimulating plant defense responses, thereby supporting systemic resistance against pests. In this context, the current study focused on exploring the headspace volatiles of cauliflower plants sprayed with a LAB formulation. The extract was collected and analyzed at two different intervals, 2 and 24&#xa0;h post-treatment. Analysis of volatile extracts from LAB-sprayed plants revealed increased levels of hydrocarbons, terpenes, esters, amines, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. The compounds were analyzed using GC–MS and GC–EAG to assess their activity against <i>P. xylostella</i> adults and its parasitoid, <i>Cotesia plutellae</i>. The EAG response of <i>P. xylostella</i> varied over time, with stronger response of phthalic acid (3.05 ± 0.30&#xa0;mV), while undecane and heptanal remained consistent. Early-detected ethanone and butanoic acid differed from later-emerging cyclopentanol, 2-pentene, decane, and octane, indicating volatile persistence differences. Similarly, the antennal response of <i>C. plutellae</i> indicates a dynamic response to different volatiles over time, with more initial response to heptadecane and benzaldehyde, while other volatiles including tetradecane and decane became more attractive at later stages which was proved further through principal component analysis and heat map analysis. The results of the present study confirmed that LAB can be utilized in the management of <i>P. xylostella</i> by altering plant VOC against pests and in favor of its parasitoids, <i>C. plutellae</i>.</p>

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Unveiling the role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-induced volatile in the tritrophic interaction for the management of Plutella xylostella (L.) in cauliflower

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • M. Jayaveni,
  • Y. S. Johnson Thangaraj Edward,
  • A. Suganthi,
  • M. Kannan,
  • R. Anandham,
  • R. Kannan,
  • J. Kousika

摘要

Cauliflower is a nutrient-dense vegetable valued worldwide for its high vitamin, mineral, and antioxidants content. Global production faces major threats from pests such as Plutella xylostella, which causes yield losses of up to 54% in heavily infested areas. Epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are key components of plant microbiomes, function as biofertilizers by enriching nutrients in crops such as cauliflower, biocontrol agents by emitting VOCs that disrupt pest behavior and biostimulants by stimulating plant defense responses, thereby supporting systemic resistance against pests. In this context, the current study focused on exploring the headspace volatiles of cauliflower plants sprayed with a LAB formulation. The extract was collected and analyzed at two different intervals, 2 and 24 h post-treatment. Analysis of volatile extracts from LAB-sprayed plants revealed increased levels of hydrocarbons, terpenes, esters, amines, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. The compounds were analyzed using GC–MS and GC–EAG to assess their activity against P. xylostella adults and its parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae. The EAG response of P. xylostella varied over time, with stronger response of phthalic acid (3.05 ± 0.30 mV), while undecane and heptanal remained consistent. Early-detected ethanone and butanoic acid differed from later-emerging cyclopentanol, 2-pentene, decane, and octane, indicating volatile persistence differences. Similarly, the antennal response of C. plutellae indicates a dynamic response to different volatiles over time, with more initial response to heptadecane and benzaldehyde, while other volatiles including tetradecane and decane became more attractive at later stages which was proved further through principal component analysis and heat map analysis. The results of the present study confirmed that LAB can be utilized in the management of P. xylostella by altering plant VOC against pests and in favor of its parasitoids, C. plutellae.