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<p>Subterranean termites, particularly <i>Microcerotermes diversus</i>, are destructive pests in tropical regions, including southwestern Iran, necessitating effective bait formulations for sustainable control. This study evaluated the preferences of *<i>M. diversus</i>* workers for various wood types (date palm, red gum, European aspen, and MDF), binding materials (starch and clay), presentation forms (powdered, simple compressed, and porous compressed), and additives (sodium bicarbonate, pure cellulose, yeast, hydroquinone, acrylamide, glucose, and urea) through no-choice and free-choice tests. Results revealed that date palm wood bound with clay was the most preferred substrate, significantly increasing termite consumption (2.69&#xa0;g) and survival, while porous compressed baits were more attractive than powdered or simple compressed forms, with 34.6% and 370% higher termite settlement, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (46.66% attractiveness), pure cellulose (21.56%), and yeast (41.66%) significantly improved bait attractiveness and feeding activity, with yeast likely enhancing appeal through its nutrient content and CO₂ emission. In contrast, hydroquinone, acrylamide, urea, and glucose showed either repellent or neutral effects. Clay-bound baits outperformed starch-bound ones, highlighting the importance of binding materials. These findings demonstrate that bait composition, presentation form, and additives, particularly sodium bicarbonate, pure cellulose, and yeast, significantly influence termite foraging behavior, providing a foundation for developing optimized bait formulations. This research offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to termite management, reducing reliance on chemical interventions and enhancing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for controlling <i>M. diversus</i> in agricultural, urban, and household settings.</p>

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Developing optimal bait formulations to enhance attraction and feeding in the subterranean termite Microcerotermes diversus (Blattoidea: Termitidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Yeganeh Davoodi,
  • Ali Rajabpour,
  • Fatemeh Yarahmdi

摘要

Subterranean termites, particularly Microcerotermes diversus, are destructive pests in tropical regions, including southwestern Iran, necessitating effective bait formulations for sustainable control. This study evaluated the preferences of *M. diversus* workers for various wood types (date palm, red gum, European aspen, and MDF), binding materials (starch and clay), presentation forms (powdered, simple compressed, and porous compressed), and additives (sodium bicarbonate, pure cellulose, yeast, hydroquinone, acrylamide, glucose, and urea) through no-choice and free-choice tests. Results revealed that date palm wood bound with clay was the most preferred substrate, significantly increasing termite consumption (2.69 g) and survival, while porous compressed baits were more attractive than powdered or simple compressed forms, with 34.6% and 370% higher termite settlement, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (46.66% attractiveness), pure cellulose (21.56%), and yeast (41.66%) significantly improved bait attractiveness and feeding activity, with yeast likely enhancing appeal through its nutrient content and CO₂ emission. In contrast, hydroquinone, acrylamide, urea, and glucose showed either repellent or neutral effects. Clay-bound baits outperformed starch-bound ones, highlighting the importance of binding materials. These findings demonstrate that bait composition, presentation form, and additives, particularly sodium bicarbonate, pure cellulose, and yeast, significantly influence termite foraging behavior, providing a foundation for developing optimized bait formulations. This research offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to termite management, reducing reliance on chemical interventions and enhancing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for controlling M. diversus in agricultural, urban, and household settings.