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<p>Cytospora (Leucostoma) canker is a severe fungal disease affecting stone fruits, leading to yield loss and plant decline. This study aimed to identify <i>Cytospora</i> species in apricot orchards in Malatya province (Türkiye), assess their pathogenicity, and evaluate chemical and biological control methods. Fungal isolates from symptomatic apricot tissues were identified using ITS, TUB, and EF gene regions, revealing <i>Leucostoma persoonii</i> f. sp. <i>persicae</i> (1 isolate) and <i>Cytospora leucostoma</i> (11 isolates<i>)</i>. Pathogenicity tests showed <i>L. persoonii</i> f. sp. <i>persicae</i> was the most virulent. Laboratory trials tested ten fungicides, with tebuconazole (99.11%), fluopyram + tebuconazole (99.03%), thiophanate-methyl (88.79%), and cyprodinil + fludioxonil (85.66%) showing the highest efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth. In controlled field trials, fluopyram + tebuconazole (38.91%) was the most effective chemical fungicide before inoculation, followed by the biopesticides <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (26.39%) and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> (29.93%). After inoculation, <i>B. subtilis</i> (16.19%) and <i>T. harzianum</i> (31.70%) were the most effective, and only tebuconazole (16.05%) was effective among the chemical pesticides. These findings highlight chemical and biological fungicides as promising control options for <i>L. persoonii</i> f. sp. <i>persicae</i> in apricot trees.</p>

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Molecular characterisation of Cytospora species in apricot orchards and management of the most virulent species through biological and chemical methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Yusuf Karakuş,
  • Talip Yiğit,
  • Erçin Oksal,
  • Murat Yıldız

摘要

Cytospora (Leucostoma) canker is a severe fungal disease affecting stone fruits, leading to yield loss and plant decline. This study aimed to identify Cytospora species in apricot orchards in Malatya province (Türkiye), assess their pathogenicity, and evaluate chemical and biological control methods. Fungal isolates from symptomatic apricot tissues were identified using ITS, TUB, and EF gene regions, revealing Leucostoma persoonii f. sp. persicae (1 isolate) and Cytospora leucostoma (11 isolates). Pathogenicity tests showed L. persoonii f. sp. persicae was the most virulent. Laboratory trials tested ten fungicides, with tebuconazole (99.11%), fluopyram + tebuconazole (99.03%), thiophanate-methyl (88.79%), and cyprodinil + fludioxonil (85.66%) showing the highest efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth. In controlled field trials, fluopyram + tebuconazole (38.91%) was the most effective chemical fungicide before inoculation, followed by the biopesticides Bacillus subtilis (26.39%) and Trichoderma harzianum (29.93%). After inoculation, B. subtilis (16.19%) and T. harzianum (31.70%) were the most effective, and only tebuconazole (16.05%) was effective among the chemical pesticides. These findings highlight chemical and biological fungicides as promising control options for L. persoonii f. sp. persicae in apricot trees.