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<p>Black rot disease is a devastating condition caused by the bacterium <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i>, which affects cruciferous crops such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. This disease poses a significant threat in crucifer-growing regions, leading to yield losses of up to 30% in India. A characteristic symptom of black rot is the formation of V-shaped yellow lesions on the leaves. Plants possess inherent defense mechanisms that regulate disease by synthesizing various metabolites and enzymes. However, <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> employs multiple strategies to overcome these defenses. One critical aspect of its pathogenicity is its protein secretion system and the expression of pathogenicity genes, both of which are integral to disease development. Additionally, extracellular enzymes and xanthomonadin, a yellow pigment produced by the bacterium, contribute to the disease's severity. To accurately diagnose black rot, several molecular techniques have been developed, including multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, which allow for the rapid identification of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> in infected plants. In terms of disease management, various methods have been explored. Recent advances include the use of nanoparticles and metal oxides, which have shown potential in controlling black rot. Bacteriophages, which specifically target bacterial pathogens, have also been employed as a biological control strategy. Moreover, microorganisms with biocontrol potential are being used to suppress the disease. This review delves into the mechanisms behind <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> pathogenicity, the diagnostic methods for pathogen detection, and the current strategies employed to manage black rot, highlighting the role of nanoparticles in modern disease control.</p>

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Comprehensive insights into black rot of crucifers: pathogen–host dynamics and sustainable control methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • S. Preethi,
  • S. Umesha

摘要

Black rot disease is a devastating condition caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which affects cruciferous crops such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. This disease poses a significant threat in crucifer-growing regions, leading to yield losses of up to 30% in India. A characteristic symptom of black rot is the formation of V-shaped yellow lesions on the leaves. Plants possess inherent defense mechanisms that regulate disease by synthesizing various metabolites and enzymes. However, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris employs multiple strategies to overcome these defenses. One critical aspect of its pathogenicity is its protein secretion system and the expression of pathogenicity genes, both of which are integral to disease development. Additionally, extracellular enzymes and xanthomonadin, a yellow pigment produced by the bacterium, contribute to the disease's severity. To accurately diagnose black rot, several molecular techniques have been developed, including multiplex PCR and real-time PCR, which allow for the rapid identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in infected plants. In terms of disease management, various methods have been explored. Recent advances include the use of nanoparticles and metal oxides, which have shown potential in controlling black rot. Bacteriophages, which specifically target bacterial pathogens, have also been employed as a biological control strategy. Moreover, microorganisms with biocontrol potential are being used to suppress the disease. This review delves into the mechanisms behind Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris pathogenicity, the diagnostic methods for pathogen detection, and the current strategies employed to manage black rot, highlighting the role of nanoparticles in modern disease control.