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<p>Pakistani employees face escalating workplace stress, yet professional mental-health services remain scarce. Delivering Behavioural Activation (BA) through a digital mental-health intervention (DMHI) may offer a scalable, culturally consonant solution. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders including 16 mental-health professionals (eight clinical psychologists, five psychiatrists, three mental-health nurses) and six employees from the same organisations. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then translated into English. The multi-stage, team-based approach was used to analyse data thematically. Reflexive thematic analysis generated five themes: (1) workplace mental-health landscape, (2) help-seeking and organisational support, (3) perceptions of BA, (4) digital-delivery parameters, and (5) content priorities and engagement features. Employee quotations served as triangulation vignettes. Participants agreed that long hours, technostress, digital intensification and organizational uncertainty fuel a triad of stress, depression and anxiety, commonly articulated through indigenous idioms such as <i>pareshaani</i>. Stigma and fear of managerial reprisal suppress help-seeking, underscoring the need for confidential, multi-layered support. Clinicians endorsed BA as a first-line, low-intensity treatment whose activity schedules should incorporate family visits, communal volunteering and faith-based practices. Design recommendations for a BA-DMHI converged on four brief modules (mood tracking, sleep hygiene, stress coaching, BA planning), daily self-check-ins with discreet reminders, offline and Urdu/bilingual functionality, stringent privacy safeguards, gamified progress indicators, an SOS button linked to helplines, and optional moderated peer forums. A short-session, Urdu-enabled BA-DMHI that prioritises privacy and cultural fit could bridge Pakistan’s workplace treatment gap. This study provides the blueprint for immediate development and feasibility testing.</p>

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Creating Culturally Sensitive Digital Mental Health Interventions for Workplace Stress and Common Mental Disorders in Pakistan: A Content Development Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Irshad Ahmad,
  • Bushra Hassan

摘要

Pakistani employees face escalating workplace stress, yet professional mental-health services remain scarce. Delivering Behavioural Activation (BA) through a digital mental-health intervention (DMHI) may offer a scalable, culturally consonant solution. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders including 16 mental-health professionals (eight clinical psychologists, five psychiatrists, three mental-health nurses) and six employees from the same organisations. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then translated into English. The multi-stage, team-based approach was used to analyse data thematically. Reflexive thematic analysis generated five themes: (1) workplace mental-health landscape, (2) help-seeking and organisational support, (3) perceptions of BA, (4) digital-delivery parameters, and (5) content priorities and engagement features. Employee quotations served as triangulation vignettes. Participants agreed that long hours, technostress, digital intensification and organizational uncertainty fuel a triad of stress, depression and anxiety, commonly articulated through indigenous idioms such as pareshaani. Stigma and fear of managerial reprisal suppress help-seeking, underscoring the need for confidential, multi-layered support. Clinicians endorsed BA as a first-line, low-intensity treatment whose activity schedules should incorporate family visits, communal volunteering and faith-based practices. Design recommendations for a BA-DMHI converged on four brief modules (mood tracking, sleep hygiene, stress coaching, BA planning), daily self-check-ins with discreet reminders, offline and Urdu/bilingual functionality, stringent privacy safeguards, gamified progress indicators, an SOS button linked to helplines, and optional moderated peer forums. A short-session, Urdu-enabled BA-DMHI that prioritises privacy and cultural fit could bridge Pakistan’s workplace treatment gap. This study provides the blueprint for immediate development and feasibility testing.