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<p>Activity-based travel modeling seeks to explain travelers’ spatial and temporal decision-making processes. While many studies examine destination choice or activity duration separately, joint modeling of destination-duration decisions remains relatively limited, particularly when latent behavioral factors are considered. This study develops a cross-nested logit (CNL) model to jointly analyze shopping destination and activity-duration choices while incorporating latent attitudinal and lifestyle variables. The empirical analysis is based on a survey of 1810 shoppers collected at eight major shopping centers (four clothing and four grocery malls) in Tehran, Iran. The proposed modeling framework captures correlations among temporal and spatial alternatives while preserving the closed-form properties of generalized extreme value models. Results indicate that latent variables, socio-demographic characteristics, travel time, and transport mode availability significantly influence shopping destination-duration decisions. The findings further reveal behavioral differences between clothing and grocery shopping activities, particularly regarding shopping duration patterns and the role of lifestyle and attitudinal effects. The study contributes to the activity-based travel behavior literature by providing a joint behavioral framework for analyzing spatiotemporal shopping decisions under heterogeneous traveler preferences.</p>

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A cross-nested logit model of shopping decisions: latent effects and mode availability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Alireza Mahpour,
  • Alireza Vafaeinejad,
  • Alireza Sharifi,
  • Sina Ashouri

摘要

Activity-based travel modeling seeks to explain travelers’ spatial and temporal decision-making processes. While many studies examine destination choice or activity duration separately, joint modeling of destination-duration decisions remains relatively limited, particularly when latent behavioral factors are considered. This study develops a cross-nested logit (CNL) model to jointly analyze shopping destination and activity-duration choices while incorporating latent attitudinal and lifestyle variables. The empirical analysis is based on a survey of 1810 shoppers collected at eight major shopping centers (four clothing and four grocery malls) in Tehran, Iran. The proposed modeling framework captures correlations among temporal and spatial alternatives while preserving the closed-form properties of generalized extreme value models. Results indicate that latent variables, socio-demographic characteristics, travel time, and transport mode availability significantly influence shopping destination-duration decisions. The findings further reveal behavioral differences between clothing and grocery shopping activities, particularly regarding shopping duration patterns and the role of lifestyle and attitudinal effects. The study contributes to the activity-based travel behavior literature by providing a joint behavioral framework for analyzing spatiotemporal shopping decisions under heterogeneous traveler preferences.